WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

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摘要

最近通过WPF开发项目,为了对WPF知识点进行总结,所以利用业余时间,开发一个学生信息管理系统【Student Information Management System】。上一篇文章进行了框架搭建和模块划分,本文在前一篇基础之上,继续深入开发学生信息管理系统的数据库和WebApi接口搭建相关内容,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。

最近通过WPF开发项目,为了对WPF知识点进行总结,所以利用业余时间,开发一个学生信息管理系统【Student Information Management System】。上一篇文章进行了框架搭建和模块划分,本文在前一篇基础之上,继续深入开发学生信息管理系统的数据库和WebApi接口搭建相关内容,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。

涉及知识点

本篇内容主要是数据库的操作和WebApi的创建,涉及到知识点如下所示:

  • 数据库知识,基于SQL Server 2012的数据表创建,以及CRUD【(Create)、检索(Retrieve)、更新(Update)和删除(Delete)】等基础操作。
  • WebApi接口创建基础操作,本文会涉及到通过WebApi提供数据接口给客户端,用于封装数据持久化的操作。

数据库相关

在学生信息管理系统中,学生,班级,课程,成绩等内容和管理模块的相关内容,都离不开数据库的支持,所以数据是支撑,页面是对数据的展示。数据库结构,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 

主要涉及的表如下所示:

1. 学生表Student

学生表主要存储学生的基础信息,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 

学生表创建语句,如下所示:

 1 USE [SIMS]  2 GO  3   4 /****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Students]    Script Date: 2022/5/25 0:11:41 ******/  5 SET ANSI_NULLS ON  6 GO  7   8 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON  9 GO 10  11 SET ANSI_PADDING ON 12 GO 13  14 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Students]( 15     [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, 16     [No] [varchar](50) NULL, 17     [Name] [varchar](50) NULL, 18     [Age] [int] NULL, 19     [Sex] [bit] NULL, 20     [ClassesId] [int] NULL, 21     [CreateUser] [int] NULL, 22     [CreateTime] [datetime] NULL, 23     [LastEditUser] [int] NULL, 24     [LastEditTime] [datetime] NULL 25 ) ON [PRIMARY] 26  27 GO 28  29 SET ANSI_PADDING OFF 30 GO

2. 班级表Classes

班级表主要用于保存班级相关信息,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 

 班级表创建语句,如下所示:

 1 USE [SIMS]  2 GO  3   4 /****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Classes]    Script Date: 2022/5/25 0:16:31 ******/  5 SET ANSI_NULLS ON  6 GO  7   8 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON  9 GO 10  11 SET ANSI_PADDING ON 12 GO 13  14 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Classes]( 15     [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, 16     [Name] [varchar](50) NULL, 17     [Dept] [varchar](50) NULL, 18     [Grade] [varchar](50) NULL, 19     [HeadTeacher] [varchar](50) NULL, 20     [Monitor] [int] NULL, 21     [CreateUser] [int] NULL, 22     [CreateTime] [datetime] NULL, 23     [LastEditUser] [int] NULL, 24     [LastEditTime] [datetime] NULL 25 ) ON [PRIMARY] 26  27 GO 28  29 SET ANSI_PADDING OFF 30 GO

3. 课程表Courses

课程表主要保存课程信息,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 

 课程表创建语句,如下所示:

 1 USE [SIMS]  2 GO  3   4 /****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Courses]    Script Date: 2022/5/25 0:20:11 ******/  5 SET ANSI_NULLS ON  6 GO  7   8 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON  9 GO 10  11 SET ANSI_PADDING ON 12 GO 13  14 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Courses]( 15     [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, 16     [Name] [varchar](50) NULL, 17     [Teacher] [varchar](50) NULL, 18     [CreateUser] [int] NULL, 19     [CreateTime] [datetime] NULL, 20     [LastEditUser] [int] NULL, 21     [LastEditTime] [datetime] NULL 22 ) ON [PRIMARY] 23  24 GO 25  26 SET ANSI_PADDING OFF 27 GO

4. 成绩表Scores

成绩表用于保存学生各科的成绩,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 

 成绩表创建语句,如下所示:

 1 USE [SIMS]  2 GO  3   4 /****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Scores]    Script Date: 2022/5/25 0:23:19 ******/  5 SET ANSI_NULLS ON  6 GO  7   8 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON  9 GO 10  11 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Scores]( 12     [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, 13     [StudentId] [int] NULL, 14     [CourseId] [int] NULL, 15     [Score] [float] NULL, 16     [CreateUser] [int] NULL, 17     [CreateTime] [datetime] NULL, 18     [LastEditUser] [int] NULL, 19     [LastEditTime] [datetime] NULL 20 ) ON [PRIMARY] 21  22 GO

5. 其他数据表

其他数据表包括用户表【Users】,角色表【Roles】,用户角色对应关系表【UserRoles】,角色菜单对应关系表【RoleMenus】菜单表【Menus】 创建语句,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

  1 USE [SIMS]   2 GO   3    4 /****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Users]    Script Date: 2022/5/25 0:29:55 ******/   5 SET ANSI_NULLS ON   6 GO   7    8 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON   9 GO  10   11 SET ANSI_PADDING ON  12 GO  13   14 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Users](  15     [Id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,  16     [UserName] [varchar](50) NULL,  17     [Password] [varchar](50) NULL,  18     [NickName] [varchar](50) NULL  19 ) ON [PRIMARY]  20   21 GO  22   23 SET ANSI_PADDING OFF  24 GO  25 ------------------------------------------  26 USE [SIMS]  27 GO  28   29 /****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Roles]    Script Date: 2022/5/25 0:30:21 ******/  30 SET ANSI_NULLS ON  31 GO  32   33 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON  34 GO  35   36 SET ANSI_PADDING ON  37 GO  38   39 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Roles](  40     [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,  41     [Name] [varchar](50) NULL,  42     [Description] [varchar](50) NULL  43 ) ON [PRIMARY]  44   45 GO  46   47 SET ANSI_PADDING OFF  48 GO  49 ------------------------------------------  50 USE [SIMS]  51 GO  52   53 /****** Object:  Table [dbo].[Menus]    Script Date: 2022/5/25 0:31:04 ******/  54 SET ANSI_NULLS ON  55 GO  56   57 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON  58 GO  59   60 SET ANSI_PADDING ON  61 GO  62   63 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Menus](  64     [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,  65     [Name] [varchar](50) NULL,  66     [Description] [varchar](50) NULL,  67     [Url] [varchar](250) NULL,  68     [ParentId] [int] NULL,  69     [SortId] [int] NULL  70 ) ON [PRIMARY]  71   72 GO  73   74 SET ANSI_PADDING OFF  75 GO  76   77 ------------------------------------------  78 USE [SIMS]  79 GO  80   81 /****** Object:  Table [dbo].[UserRoles]    Script Date: 2022/5/25 0:31:20 ******/  82 SET ANSI_NULLS ON  83 GO  84   85 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON  86 GO  87   88 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[UserRoles](  89     [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL,  90     [UserId] [int] NULL,  91     [RoleId] [int] NULL  92 ) ON [PRIMARY]  93   94 GO  95 ------------------------------------------  96 USE [SIMS]  97 GO  98   99 /****** Object:  Table [dbo].[RoleMenus]    Script Date: 2022/5/25 0:31:35 ******/ 100 SET ANSI_NULLS ON 101 GO 102  103 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON 104 GO 105  106 CREATE TABLE [dbo].[RoleMenus]( 107     [id] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, 108     [RoleId] [int] NULL, 109     [MenuId] [int] NULL 110 ) ON [PRIMARY] 111  112 GO

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数据库实体类

数据库实体类是数据库表与类的映射,通过操作实体类来达到操作数据库的目的,实体类需要与EntityFramework结合起来使用。如下所示:

1. 学生类StudentEntity

学生类与学生表对应,如下所示:

 1 namespace SIMS.Entity  2 {  3     /// <summary>  4     /// 学生实体  5     /// </summary>  6     public class StudentEntity  7     {  8         /// <summary>  9         /// 唯一标识 10         /// </summary> 11         public int Id { get; set; } 12  13         /// <summary> 14         /// 学号 15         /// </summary> 16         public string No { get; set; } 17  18         /// <summary> 19         /// 学生名称 20         /// </summary> 21         public string Name { get; set; } 22  23         /// <summary> 24         /// 年纪 25         /// </summary> 26         public int Age { get; set; } 27  28         /// <summary> 29         /// 性别 30         /// </summary> 31         public Boolean Sex { get; set; } 32  33         /// <summary> 34         /// 班级标识 35         /// </summary> 36         public int? ClassesId { get; set; } 37  38         /// <summary> 39         /// 创建时间 40         /// </summary> 41         public DateTime? CreateTime { get; set; } 42  43         /// <summary> 44         /// 当前登录的账号的ID 45         /// </summary> 46         public int? CreateUser { get; set; } 47  48         /// <summary> 49         /// 最后编辑时间 50         /// </summary> 51         public DateTime? LastEditTime { get; set; } 52  53         /// <summary> 54         /// 最后修改人 55         /// </summary> 56         public int? LastEditUser { get; set; } 57     } 58 }

2. 班级类ClassesEntity

班级类与班级表对应,如下所示:

 1 namespace SIMS.Entity  2 {  3     /// <summary>  4     /// 班级实体  5     /// </summary>  6     public class ClassesEntity  7     {  8         /// <summary>  9         /// 唯一标识 10         /// </summary> 11         public int Id { get; set; } 12  13         /// <summary> 14         /// 专业 15         /// </summary> 16         public string Dept { get; set; } 17  18         /// <summary> 19         /// 年级 20         /// </summary> 21         public string Grade { get; set; } 22  23         /// <summary> 24         /// 班级名称 25         /// </summary> 26         public string Name { get; set; } 27  28         /// <summary> 29         /// 班主任老师名称 30         /// </summary> 31         public string HeadTeacher { get; set; } 32  33         /// <summary> 34         /// 班长id,对应学生表的学生 35         /// </summary> 36         public int? Monitor { get; set; } 37  38         /// <summary> 39         /// 创建时间 40         /// </summary> 41         public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; } 42  43         /// <summary> 44         /// 当前登录的账号的ID 45         /// </summary> 46         public int CreateUser { get; set; } 47  48         /// <summary> 49         /// 最后编辑时间 50         /// </summary> 51         public DateTime LastEditTime { get; set; } 52  53         /// <summary> 54         /// 最后修改人 55         /// </summary> 56         public int LastEditUser { get; set; } 57     } 58 }

3. 课程类CourseEntity

课程类与课程表对应,如下所示:

 1 namespace SIMS.Entity  2 {  3     /// <summary>  4     /// 课程实体  5     /// </summary>  6     public class CourseEntity  7     {  8         /// <summary>  9         /// 唯一标识 10         /// </summary> 11         public int Id { get; set; } 12  13         /// <summary> 14         /// 课程名称 15         /// </summary> 16         public string Name { get; set; } 17  18         /// <summary> 19         /// 授课老师 20         /// </summary> 21         public string Teacher { get; set; } 22  23         /// <summary> 24         /// 创建时间 25         /// </summary> 26         public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; } 27  28         /// <summary> 29         /// 当前登录的账号的ID 30         /// </summary> 31         public int CreateUser { get; set; } 32  33         /// <summary> 34         /// 最后编辑时间 35         /// </summary> 36         public DateTime LastEditTime { get; set; } 37  38         /// <summary> 39         /// 最后修改人 40         /// </summary> 41         public int LastEditUser { get; set; }  42     } 43 }

4. 成绩类ScoreEntity

成绩类与成绩表对应,如下所示:

 1 namespace SIMS.Entity  2 {  3     /// <summary>  4     /// 成绩实体  5     /// </summary>  6     public class ScoreEntity  7     {  8         /// <summary>  9         /// 唯一标识 10         /// </summary> 11         public int Id { get; set; } 12  13         /// <summary> 14         ///学生id 15         /// </summary> 16         public int StudentId { get; set; } 17  18         /// <summary> 19         /// 课程id 20         /// </summary> 21         public int CourseId { get; set; } 22  23         /// <summary> 24         /// 成绩 25         /// </summary> 26         public double Score { get; set; } 27  28         /// <summary> 29         /// 创建时间 30         /// </summary> 31         public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; } 32  33         /// <summary> 34         /// 当前登录的账号的ID 35         /// </summary> 36         public int CreateUser { get; set; } 37  38         /// <summary> 39         /// 最后编辑时间 40         /// </summary> 41         public DateTime LastEditTime { get; set; } 42  43         /// <summary> 44         /// 最后修改人 45         /// </summary> 46         public int LastEditUser { get; set; } 47     } 48 }

5. 其他实体类

除了以上四个主要的实体类,还有其他实体类,如下所示:

菜单实体MenuEntity,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 1 namespace SIMS.Entity  2 {  3     /// <summary>  4     /// 菜单管理  5     /// </summary>  6     public class MenuEntity  7     {  8         /// <summary>  9         /// 唯一标识 10         /// </summary> 11         public int Id { get; set; } 12  13         /// <summary> 14         /// 菜单名称 15         /// </summary> 16         public string Name { get; set; } 17  18         /// <summary> 19         /// 菜单描述 20         /// </summary> 21         public string Description { get; set; } 22  23         /// <summary> 24         /// 菜单路径 25         /// </summary> 26         public string Url { get; set; } 27  28         /// <summary> 29         /// 父ID 30         /// </summary> 31         public int? ParentId { get; set; } 32  33         /// <summary> 34         /// 排序 35         /// </summary> 36         public int? SortId { get; set; } 37     } 38 }

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用户实体类UserEntity,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 1 namespace SIMS.Entity  2 {  3     public class UserEntity  4     {  5         /// <summary>  6         /// 用户唯一标识  7         /// </summary>  8         public int Id { get; set; }  9  10         /// <summary> 11         /// 登录账号 12         /// </summary> 13         public string UserName { get; set; } 14  15         /// <summary> 16         /// 密码 17         /// </summary> 18         public string Password { get; set; } 19  20         /// <summary> 21         /// 显示名称 22         /// </summary> 23         public string NickName { get; set; } 24     } 25 }

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角色实体类RoleEntity,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 1 namespace SIMS.Entity  2 {  3     /// <summary>  4     /// 角色  5     /// </summary>  6     public class RoleEntity  7     {  8         /// <summary>  9         /// 唯一标识 10         /// </summary> 11         public int Id { get; set; } 12  13         /// <summary> 14         /// 角色名称 15         /// </summary> 16         public string Name { get; set; } 17  18         /// <summary> 19         /// 角色描述 20         /// </summary> 21         public string Description { get; set; } 22     } 23 }

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用户角色关系实体类UserRoleEntityr,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 1 namespace SIMS.Entity  2 {  3     /// <summary>  4     /// 用户-角色模型  5     /// </summary>  6     public class UserRoleEntity  7     {  8         /// <summary>  9         /// 唯一标识 10         /// </summary> 11         public int Id { get; set; } 12  13         /// <summary> 14         /// 用户ID 15         /// </summary> 16         public int UserId { get; set; } 17  18         /// <summary> 19         /// 角色ID 20         /// </summary> 21         public int RoleId { get; set; } 22     } 23 }

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角色菜单关系实体RoleMenuEntity,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 1 namespace SIMS.Entity  2 {  3     /// <summary>  4     /// 角色-菜单关联  5     /// </summary>  6     public class RoleMenuEntity  7     {  8         /// <summary>  9         /// 唯一标识 10         /// </summary> 11         public int Id { get; set; } 12  13         /// <summary> 14         /// 菜单IP 15         /// </summary> 16         public int MenuId { get; set; } 17  18         /// <summary> 19         /// 角色ID 20         /// </summary> 21         public int RoleId { get; set; } 22     } 23 }

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一共九个实体类,对应数据库中的九个表。

WebApi数据接口

在本示例中,客户端和服务端交互通过webapi接口进行,避免直接操作数据库。具体步骤如下所示:

1. EntityFramework框架

EntityFramework是.Net领域通用的ORM框架,有CodeFirst和DBFirst两种方式,本文采用DBFirst方式,即先设计数据库表结构,再创建实体和映射。如果要使用EntityFramework框架,首先进行安装,可通过NuGet包管理器进行安装,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 

 创建DataContext数据操作类,继承自DbContext,并重写OnModelCreating方法,将数据表和实体类建立联系,实现映射,如下所示:

 1 namespace SIMS.WebApi.Data  2 {  3     public class DataContext:DbContext  4     {  5         public DbSet<UserEntity> Users { get; set; }  6   7         public DbSet<MenuEntity> Menus { get; set; }  8   9         public DbSet<RoleEntity> Roles { get; set; } 10  11         public DbSet<UserRoleEntity> UserRoles { get; set; } 12  13         public DbSet<RoleMenuEntity> RoleMenus { get; set; } 14  15         /// <summary> 16         /// 学生 17         /// </summary> 18         public DbSet<StudentEntity> Students { get; set; } 19  20         /// <summary> 21         /// 班级 22         /// </summary> 23         public DbSet<ClassesEntity> Classes { get; set; } 24  25         /// <summary> 26         /// 课程 27         /// </summary> 28         public DbSet<CourseEntity> Courses { get; set; } 29  30         /// <summary> 31         /// 成绩 32         /// </summary> 33         public DbSet<ScoreEntity> Scores { get; set; } 34  35         public DataContext(DbContextOptions options) : base(options) 36         { 37  38         } 39  40         protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder) 41         { 42             base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder); 43             modelBuilder.Entity<UserEntity>().ToTable("Users"); 44             modelBuilder.Entity<MenuEntity>().ToTable("Menus"); 45             modelBuilder.Entity<StudentEntity>().ToTable("Students"); 46             modelBuilder.Entity<RoleEntity>().ToTable("Roles"); 47             modelBuilder.Entity<UserRoleEntity>().ToTable("UserRoles"); 48             modelBuilder.Entity<RoleMenuEntity>().ToTable("RoleMenus"); 49         } 50     } 51 }

2. 创建服务

在本示例中,为了封装数据库的底层操作,提取了四个服务接口和类,如下所示:

学生服务接口IStudentAppService,是对学生表操作的封装,如下所示:

 1 namespace SIMS.WebApi.Services.Student  2 {  3     public interface IStudentAppService  4     {  5         /// <summary>  6         /// 查询学生列表  7         /// </summary>  8         /// <param name="name"></param>  9         /// <returns></returns> 10         public PagedRequest<StudentEntity> GetStudents(string no,string name, int pageNum, int pageSize); 11  12         /// <summary> 13         /// 查询某一班级的学生列表 14         /// </summary> 15         /// <param name="classId"></param> 16         /// <returns></returns> 17         public PagedRequest<StudentEntity> GetStudentsByClasses(int classId); 18  19         /// <summary> 20         /// 通过id查询学生信息 21         /// </summary> 22         /// <param name="id"></param> 23         /// <returns></returns> 24         public StudentEntity GetSudent(int id); 25  26         /// <summary> 27         /// 新增学生 28         /// </summary> 29         /// <param name="student"></param> 30         /// <returns></returns> 31         public int AddStudent(StudentEntity student); 32  33         /// <summary> 34         /// 修改学生 35         /// </summary> 36         /// <param name="student"></param> 37         /// <returns></returns> 38         public int UpdateStudent(StudentEntity student); 39  40         /// <summary> 41         /// 删除学生 42         /// </summary> 43         /// <param name="id"></param> 44         public int DeleteStudent(int id); 45     } 46 }

学生服务实现类StudentAppService

学生服务实现类是对接口的实现,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

  1 namespace SIMS.WebApi.Services.Student   2 {   3     public class StudentAppService : IStudentAppService   4     {   5         private DataContext dataContext;   6    7         public StudentAppService(DataContext dataContext) {    8             this.dataContext = dataContext;   9         }  10   11         /// <summary>  12         /// 新增学生  13         /// </summary>  14         /// <param name="student"></param>  15         /// <returns></returns>  16         public int AddStudent(StudentEntity student)  17         {  18             var entry = dataContext.Students.Add(student);  19             dataContext.SaveChanges();  20             return 0;  21         }  22   23         /// <summary>  24         /// 删除学生  25         /// </summary>  26         /// <param name="id"></param>  27         public int DeleteStudent(int id)  28         {  29             var entity = dataContext.Students.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id);  30             if (entity != null)  31             {  32                 dataContext.Students.Remove(entity);  33                 dataContext.SaveChanges();  34             }  35             return 0;  36         }  37   38         /// <summary>  39         /// 查询学生列表  40         /// </summary>  41         /// <param name="name"></param>  42         /// <param name="pageNum">页数</param>  43         /// <param name="pageSize">每页大小</param>  44         /// <returns></returns>  45         public PagedRequest<StudentEntity> GetStudents(string no,string name,int pageNum,int pageSize)  46         {  47             IQueryable<StudentEntity> students = null;  48             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(name) && string.IsNullOrEmpty(no))  49             {  50                 students = dataContext.Students.Where(r => r.Name.Contains(name) && r.No.Contains(no)).OrderBy(r => r.Id);  51             }  52             else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(name))  53             {  54                 students = dataContext.Students.Where(r => r.Name.Contains(name)).OrderBy(r => r.Id);  55             }  56             else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(name)) {  57                 students = dataContext.Students.Where(r => r.No.Contains(no)).OrderBy(r => r.Id);  58             }  59             else  60             {  61                 students = dataContext.Students.Where(r => true).OrderBy(r => r.Id);  62             }  63             int count = students.Count();  64             List<StudentEntity> items;  65             if (pageSize > 0)  66             {  67                 items = students.Skip((pageNum - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize).ToList();  68             }  69             else {  70                 items = students.ToList();  71             }  72             return new PagedRequest<StudentEntity>()  73             {  74                 count = count,  75                 items = items  76             };  77         }  78   79         /// <summary>  80         /// 查询某一班级的学生列表  81         /// </summary>  82         /// <param name="classId"></param>  83         /// <returns></returns>  84         public PagedRequest<StudentEntity> GetStudentsByClasses(int classId)  85         {  86             IQueryable<StudentEntity> students = dataContext.Students.Where(r => r.ClassesId==classId).OrderBy(r => r.Id);  87             int count = students.Count();  88             var items = students.ToList();  89             return new PagedRequest<StudentEntity>()  90             {  91                 count = count,  92                 items = items  93             };  94         }  95   96         /// <summary>  97         /// 通过id查询学生信息  98         /// </summary>  99         /// <param name="id"></param> 100         /// <returns></returns> 101         public StudentEntity GetSudent(int id) 102         { 103             var entity = dataContext.Students.FirstOrDefault(r => r.Id == id); 104             return entity; 105         } 106  107         /// <summary> 108         /// 修改学生 109         /// </summary> 110         /// <param name="student"></param> 111         /// <returns></returns> 112         public int UpdateStudent(StudentEntity student) 113         { 114             dataContext.Students.Update(student); 115             dataContext.SaveChanges(); 116             return 0; 117         } 118     } 119 }

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班级服务接口IClassesAppService

班级服务接口是对班级表操作的封装,如下所示:

 1 namespace SIMS.WebApi.Services.Classes  2 {  3     public interface IClassesAppService  4     {  5         public PagedRequest<ClassesEntity> GetClassess(string dept, string grade, int pageNum, int pageSize);  6   7         /// <summary>  8         /// 通过id查询班级信息  9         /// </summary> 10         /// <param name="id"></param> 11         /// <returns></returns> 12         public ClassesEntity GetClasses(int id); 13  14         /// <summary> 15         /// 新增班级 16         /// </summary> 17         /// <param name="classes"></param> 18         /// <returns></returns> 19         public int AddClasses(ClassesEntity classes); 20  21         /// <summary> 22         /// 修改班级 23         /// </summary> 24         /// <param name="classes"></param> 25         /// <returns></returns> 26         public int UpdateClasses(ClassesEntity classes); 27  28         /// <summary> 29         /// 删除班级 30         /// </summary> 31         /// <param name="id"></param> 32         public int DeleteClasses(int id); 33     } 34 }

班级服务实现类ClassesAppService,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 1 namespace SIMS.WebApi.Services.Classes  2 {  3     public class ClassesAppService : IClassesAppService  4     {  5         private DataContext dataContext;  6   7         public ClassesAppService(DataContext dataContext)  8         {  9             this.dataContext = dataContext; 10         } 11  12         /// <summary> 13         /// 新增班级 14         /// </summary> 15         /// <param name="classes"></param> 16         /// <returns></returns> 17         public int AddClasses(ClassesEntity classes) 18         { 19             var entry = dataContext.Classes.Add(classes); 20             dataContext.SaveChanges(); 21             return 0; 22         } 23  24         /// <summary> 25         /// 删除班级 26         /// </summary> 27         /// <param name="id"></param> 28         public int DeleteClasses(int id) 29         { 30             var entity = dataContext.Classes.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Id == id); 31             if (entity != null) 32             { 33                 dataContext.Classes.Remove(entity); 34                 dataContext.SaveChanges(); 35             } 36             return 0; 37         } 38  39         /// <summary> 40         /// 查询班级 41         /// </summary> 42         /// <param name="id"></param> 43         /// <returns></returns> 44         public ClassesEntity GetClasses(int id) 45         { 46             var entity = dataContext.Classes.FirstOrDefault(r => r.Id == id); 47             return entity; 48         } 49  50         public PagedRequest<ClassesEntity> GetClassess(string dept, string grade, int pageNum, int pageSize) 51         { 52             IQueryable<ClassesEntity> classes = null; 53             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(dept) && string.IsNullOrEmpty(grade)) 54             { 55                 classes = dataContext.Classes.Where(r => r.Dept.Contains(dept) && r.Grade.Contains(grade)).OrderBy(r => r.Id); 56             } 57             else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(dept)) 58             { 59                 classes = dataContext.Classes.Where(r => r.Dept.Contains(dept)).OrderBy(r => r.Id); 60             } 61             else if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(grade)) 62             { 63                 classes = dataContext.Classes.Where(r => r.Grade.Contains(grade)).OrderBy(r => r.Id); 64             } 65             else 66             { 67                 classes = dataContext.Classes.Where(r => true).OrderBy(r => r.Id); 68             } 69             int count = classes.Count(); 70             List<ClassesEntity> items=new List<ClassesEntity>(); 71             if (pageSize < 1) 72             { 73                 items = classes.ToList(); 74             } 75             else {  76                items = classes.Skip((pageNum - 1) * pageSize).Take(pageSize).ToList(); 77             } 78              79             return new PagedRequest<ClassesEntity>() 80             { 81                 count = count, 82                 items = items 83             }; 84         } 85  86         /// <summary> 87         /// 修改班级 88         /// </summary> 89         /// <param name="classes"></param> 90         /// <returns></returns> 91         public int UpdateClasses(ClassesEntity classes) 92         { 93             dataContext.Classes.Update(classes); 94             dataContext.SaveChanges(); 95             return 0; 96         } 97     } 98 }

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其他服务接口和类尚不完善,暂时先不贴代码。

3. 创建控制器

接口控制器就是客户端访问的入口,与接口服务对应,一个四个接口控制器,如下所示:

学生控制器StudentController

学生控制器封装学生操作的服务,包括学生的增删改查的接口,如下所示:

 1 namespace SIMS.WebApi.Controllers  2 {  3     /// <summary>  4     /// 学生控制器  5     /// </summary>  6     [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]  7     [ApiController]  8     public class StudentController : ControllerBase  9     { 10         private readonly ILogger<StudentController> logger; 11  12         private readonly IStudentAppService studentAppService; 13  14         public StudentController(ILogger<StudentController> logger, IStudentAppService studentAppService) { 15             this.logger = logger; 16             this.studentAppService = studentAppService; 17         } 18  19         /// <summary> 20         /// 学生列表,带分页 21         /// </summary> 22         /// <param name="pageNum"></param> 23         /// <param name="pageSize"></param> 24         /// <param name="no"></param> 25         /// <param name="name"></param> 26         /// <returns></returns> 27         [HttpGet] 28         public PagedRequest<StudentEntity> GetStudents(int pageNum, int pageSize,string? no = null ,string? name=null ) {  29             return studentAppService.GetStudents(no,name, pageNum, pageSize); 30         } 31  32         /// <summary> 33         /// 查询某一班级的学生列表 34         /// </summary> 35         /// <param name="classId"></param> 36         /// <returns></returns> 37         [HttpGet] 38         public PagedRequest<StudentEntity> GetStudentsByClasses(int classId) { 39             return studentAppService.GetStudentsByClasses(classId); 40         } 41  42         /// <summary> 43         /// 获取学生信息 44         /// </summary> 45         /// <param name="id"></param> 46         /// <returns></returns> 47         [HttpGet] 48         public StudentEntity GetStudent(int id) { 49             return studentAppService.GetSudent(id); 50         } 51  52         /// <summary> 53         /// 新增学生 54         /// </summary> 55         /// <param name="student"></param> 56         /// <returns></returns> 57         [HttpPost] 58         public int AddStudent(StudentEntity student) 59         { 60             return studentAppService.AddStudent(student); 61         } 62  63         /// <summary> 64         /// 修改学生 65         /// </summary> 66         /// <param name="student"></param> 67         /// <returns></returns> 68         [HttpPut] 69         public int UpdateStudent(StudentEntity student) {  70             return studentAppService.UpdateStudent(student); 71         } 72  73         /// <summary> 74         /// 删除学生 75         /// </summary> 76         /// <param name="id"></param> 77         [HttpDelete] 78         public int DeleteStudent(int id) 79         { 80             return studentAppService.DeleteStudent(id); 81         } 82     } 83 }

班级控制器ClassesController

班级控制器是对班级接口服务的封装,包含对班级的增删改查,如下所示:

 1 namespace SIMS.WebApi.Controllers  2 {  3     /// <summary>  4     /// 班级控制器  5     /// </summary>  6     [Route("api/[controller]/[action]")]  7     [ApiController]  8     public class ClassesController : ControllerBase  9     { 10         private readonly ILogger<ClassesController> logger; 11  12         private readonly IClassesAppService classesAppService; 13  14         public ClassesController(ILogger<ClassesController> logger, IClassesAppService classesAppService) 15         { 16             this.logger = logger; 17             this.classesAppService = classesAppService; 18         } 19  20         /// <summary> 21         /// 获取班级信息 22         /// </summary> 23         /// <param name="id"></param> 24         /// <returns></returns> 25         [HttpGet] 26         public ClassesEntity GetClasses(int id) 27         { 28             return classesAppService.GetClasses(id); 29         } 30  31         /// <summary> 32         /// 获取班级列表 33         /// </summary> 34         /// <param name="id"></param> 35         /// <returns></returns> 36         [HttpGet] 37         public PagedRequest<ClassesEntity> GetClassess(string? dept, string? grade, int pageNum, int pageSize) 38         { 39             return classesAppService.GetClassess(dept,grade,pageNum,pageSize); 40         } 41  42         /// <summary> 43         /// 新增班级 44         /// </summary> 45         /// <param name="classes"></param> 46         /// <returns></returns> 47         [HttpPost] 48         public int AddClasses(ClassesEntity classes) 49         { 50             return classesAppService.AddClasses(classes); 51         } 52  53         /// <summary> 54         /// 修改班级 55         /// </summary> 56         /// <param name="classes"></param> 57         /// <returns></returns> 58         [HttpPut] 59         public int UpdateClasses(ClassesEntity classes) 60         { 61             return classesAppService.UpdateClasses(classes); 62         } 63  64         /// <summary> 65         /// 删除班级 66         /// </summary> 67         /// <param name="id"></param> 68         [HttpDelete] 69         public int DeleteClasses(int id) 70         { 71             return classesAppService.DeleteClasses(id); 72         } 73     } 74 }

注意:其他控制器,暂是代码不全,暂不贴示。

通过以上示例可以看出,接口服务依赖DataContext,控制器依赖接口服务,那么如果要使程序得以运行,就要逐层创建对象,并传递对象实体。手工创建非常不方便,所以就需要引入Autofac进行自动注入,如下所示:

4. 注入DataContext

在Program中,通过构造器,注入DataContext,如下所示:

1 builder.Services.AddDbContext<DataContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("Default")));

注意:Default为appsetting.json中配置的数据库连接字符串。如下所示:

 1 {  2   "Logging": {  3     "LogLevel": {  4       "Default": "Information",  5       "Microsoft.AspNetCore": "Warning"  6     }  7   },  8   "ConnectionStrings": {  9     "Default": "Server=localhost;Database=SIMS;Trusted_Connection=True;User Id=sa;Password=abc123" 10   }, 11   "AllowedHosts": "*" 12 }

5. 配置Autofac框架

Autoface框架可以实现接口的自动注入,减少繁琐的人工操作,如下所示:

1 // 以下是autofac依赖注入 2 builder.Host.UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory()); 3 builder.Host.ConfigureContainer<ContainerBuilder>(builder => 4 {   // 注入Service程序集 5     string assemblyName = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Name; 6     builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.Load(assemblyName)) 7     .AsImplementedInterfaces() 8     .InstancePerDependency(); 9 });

Program中全部代码,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 1 using Autofac;  2 using Autofac.Extensions.DependencyInjection;  3 using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;  4 using SIMS.WebApi;  5 using SIMS.WebApi.Data;  6 using SIMS.WebApi.Services.Student;  7 using System.Configuration;  8 using System.Reflection;  9  10 var builder = WebApplication.CreateBuilder(args); 11  12 // Add services to the container. 13  14 builder.Services.AddControllers(); 15 // Learn more about configuring Swagger/OpenAPI at https://aka.ms/aspnetcore/swashbuckle 16 builder.Services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer(); 17 builder.Services.AddSwaggerGen(); 18 builder.Services.AddDbContext<DataContext>(options => options.UseSqlServer(builder.Configuration.GetConnectionString("Default"))); 19 // 以下是autofac依赖注入 20 builder.Host.UseServiceProviderFactory(new AutofacServiceProviderFactory()); 21 builder.Host.ConfigureContainer<ContainerBuilder>(builder => 22 {   // 注入Service程序集 23     string assemblyName = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetName().Name; 24     builder.RegisterAssemblyTypes(Assembly.Load(assemblyName)) 25     .AsImplementedInterfaces() 26     .InstancePerDependency(); 27 }); 28 var app = builder.Build(); 29  30 // Configure the HTTP request pipeline. 31 if (app.Environment.IsDevelopment()) 32 { 33     app.UseSwagger(); 34     app.UseSwaggerUI(); 35 } 36  37 app.UseHttpsRedirection(); 38  39 app.UseAuthorization(); 40  41 app.MapControllers(); 42  43 app.Run();

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6. 代码结构

 

WebApi中代码结构如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 

 

7. 运行WebApi服务

经过以上步骤的操作,Api接口已经基本搭建完成,将SIMS.WebApi作为启动项目,运行VS,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 

8. 接口测试

默认情况下WebApi继承了Swagger,可以进行简单的测试,以/api/Classes/GetClasses为例,输入班级ID,就可查询班级信息,如下所示:

WPF开发学生信息管理系统【WPF+Prism+MAH+WebApi】(二)

 

 以上就是本次的主要内容,包含数据库的基本操作和WebApi接口的创建流程,旨在抛转引玉,一起学习,共同进步。

备注

上邪【作者】佚名 【朝代】汉

上邪,我欲与君相知,命无绝衰。

山无陵,江水为竭。

冬雷震震,雨雪。

天地合,乃敢与君绝。