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所属分类：.NET技术
我们知道，如果要对一个网站进行自动化测试，可以使用Python的selenium对获取网页的元素进行一系列操作。同样，对于Windows应用，可以使用C#或者AutoIt（也是一种脚本语言，相比较与C#，AutoIt更适合做Windows应用的自动化脚本）捕获窗体句柄进行操作。
今天主要记录一下使用WPF制作可以录制自动化执行Windows操作脚本工具，类似于按键精灵的录制脚本的操作。主要使用勾子捕获鼠标键盘事件。
<Window x:Class="AutoOperationTool.MainWindow" xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" xmlns:local="clr-namespace:AutoOperationTool" mc:Ignorable="d" Title="自动化脚本" Height="450" Width="800"> <Grid> <Grid.RowDefinitions> <RowDefinition></RowDefinition> <RowDefinition></RowDefinition> <RowDefinition></RowDefinition> </Grid.RowDefinitions> <Grid VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Margin="0 0 0 30"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Label Grid.Column="0" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Right" Content="当前鼠标在屏幕的位置："></Label> <Grid Grid.Column="1" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Left"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid Grid.Column="0"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Label Content="X："></Label> <TextBlock x:Name="xPoint" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"></TextBlock> </Grid> <Grid Grid.Column="1"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Label Content="Y："></Label> <TextBlock x:Name="yPoint" Grid.Column="1" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Center"></TextBlock> </Grid> </Grid> </Grid> <Grid Grid.Row="1"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Grid Grid.Column="0"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Label Content="设置循环次数：" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Right"></Label> <Border Grid.Column="1" Width="120" Height="35" BorderBrush="Black" HorizontalAlignment="Left" BorderThickness="1"> <TextBox Width="120" Height="35" x:Name="txtCycleCount" Text="1" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center"></TextBox> </Border> </Grid> <Grid Grid.Column="2"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition Width="320"></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Label Content="脚本路径：" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Right"></Label> <Border Grid.Column="1" Width="310" Height="35" BorderBrush="Black" HorizontalAlignment="Left" BorderThickness="1"> <TextBox Width="310" Height="35" x:Name="txtScriptPath" VerticalAlignment="Center" HorizontalAlignment="Center" TextWrapping="Wrap"></TextBox> </Border> </Grid> </Grid> <Grid Grid.Row="2" Margin="0 30 0 0" VerticalAlignment="Top"> <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> <ColumnDefinition></ColumnDefinition> </Grid.ColumnDefinitions> <Button Grid.Column="0" x:Name="btnStart" Width="100" Height="40" Content="开始录制" Click="Start_OnClick"></Button> <Button Grid.Column="1" x:Name="btnEnd" Width="100" Height="40" Content="结束录制" Click="End_OnClick"></Button> <Button Grid.Column="2" x:Name="btnExec" Width="100" Height="40" Content="执行脚本" Click="Exec_OnClick"></Button> <Button Grid.Column="3" x:Name="btnCancel" Width="100" Height="40" Content="取消执行" Click="CancelExec_OnClick"></Button> </Grid> </Grid> </Window>
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Configuration; using System.IO; using System.Linq; using System.Threading; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Windows; using Newtonsoft.Json; using Path = System.IO.Path; namespace AutoOperationTool { /// <summary> /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑 /// </summary> public partial class MainWindow : Window { // 用于取消任务的执行 private CancellationTokenSource cancelTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource(); private Task ExecTask { get; set; } private KeyAction KeyAction { get; set; } public MainWindow() { InitializeComponent(); Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None); txtScriptPath.Text = config.AppSettings.Settings["path"].Value; KeyAction = new KeyAction(); btnEnd.IsEnabled = false; btnCancel.IsEnabled = false; } private bool KMHook_MouseCallback(object arg) { if (arg is long[] arrs && arrs.Length == 3) { var type = arrs[0]; var x = arrs[1]; var y = arrs[2]; if (type == 1) { var model = new MouseOperation(); model.MouseOperationType = MouseOperationTypeEnum.Click; model.Point = new Point(){ X = x, Y = y}; model.Time = DateTime.Now; model.OperationType = OperationType.Mouse; PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().AppendInfoLog(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(model)); } xPoint.Text = x.ToString(); yPoint.Text = y.ToString(); Console.WriteLine($"X:{x};Y:{y}"); } return true; } private bool KMHook_KeyCallback(object arg) { if (arg is long[] arrs && arrs.Length == 3) { var type = arrs[0]; var code = arrs[1]; var time = arrs[2]; var model = new KeyOperation(); if (type == 0) { model.KeyOperationType = KeyOperationTypeEnum.Press; } else if (type == 1) { model.KeyOperationType = KeyOperationTypeEnum.Up; } model.KeyCode = (Key)Enum.Parse(typeof(Key), code.ToString()); model.OperationType = OperationType.Key; model.Time = DateTime.Now; PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().AppendInfoLog(JsonConvert.SerializeObject(model)); } return true; } private void Start_OnClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { btnEnd.IsEnabled = true; btnStart.IsEnabled = false; btnExec.IsEnabled = false; btnCancel.IsEnabled = false; // 如果存在脚本名称，序号往前加 PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().FileLogName = "script1.txt"; var fileLogName = PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().FileLogName; if (File.Exists(PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().FileStartupPath + PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().FileLogName)) { var fileName = PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().FileLogName; while (File.Exists(PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().FileStartupPath + fileName)) { if (fileName.StartsWith("script") && fileName.EndsWith(".txt")) { var strCount = fileName.Replace("script", "").Replace(".txt", ""); int count; if (int.TryParse(strCount, out count)) { count++; fileName = $"script{count}.txt"; } } else { Directory.Delete(PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().FileStartupPath + PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().FileLogName); break; } } fileLogName = fileName; } PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().FileLogName = fileLogName; txtScriptPath.Text = Path.Combine(PrintLog.WriteTxt.GetInstance().FileStartupPath, fileLogName); Configuration config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None); config.AppSettings.Settings["path"].Value = txtScriptPath.Text; config.Save(); KMHook.MouseCallback += KMHook_MouseCallback; KMHook.KeyCallback += KMHook_KeyCallback; KMHook.InsertHook(); } private void End_OnClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { KMHook.MouseCallback -= KMHook_MouseCallback; KMHook.KeyCallback -= KMHook_KeyCallback; KMHook.RemoveHook(); btnStart.IsEnabled = true; btnEnd.IsEnabled = !btnStart.IsEnabled; btnExec.IsEnabled = true; btnCancel.IsEnabled = !btnExec.IsEnabled; } private void Exec_OnClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { btnStart.IsEnabled = false; btnEnd.IsEnabled = !btnStart.IsEnabled; btnExec.IsEnabled = false; btnCancel.IsEnabled = !btnExec.IsEnabled; var listOperations = new List<Operation>(); var path = txtScriptPath.Text; var listStrs = File.ReadLines(path)?.ToList(); if (listStrs != null && listStrs.Count > 0) { foreach (var strScript in listStrs) { try { var operation = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<Operation>(strScript); if (operation.OperationType == OperationType.Mouse) { var mouseOperation = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<MouseOperation>(strScript); listOperations.Add(mouseOperation); } else if (operation.OperationType == OperationType.Key) { var keyOperation = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<KeyOperation>(strScript); listOperations.Add(keyOperation); } } catch (Exception ex) { throw ex; } } } int count; if (int.TryParse(txtCycleCount.Text, out count)) { ExecTask = Task.Factory.StartNew(() => { if (count < 1) count = 1; for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) { DateTime lastTime = new DateTime(); DateTime nextTime = new DateTime(); for (int j = 0; j < listOperations.Count; j++) { if (lastTime == new DateTime()) { lastTime = listOperations[j].Time; Exec(listOperations, j); } else { nextTime = listOperations[j].Time; if (j > 0) { lastTime = listOperations[j - 1].Time; } Thread.Sleep(nextTime - lastTime); Exec(listOperations, j); } } Thread.Sleep(1000); } Application.Current.Dispatcher.Invoke(() => { btnStart.IsEnabled = true; btnEnd.IsEnabled = !btnStart.IsEnabled; btnExec.IsEnabled = true; btnCancel.IsEnabled = !btnExec.IsEnabled; }); }, cancelTokenSource.Token); } } private void Exec(List<Operation> listOperations, int j) { if (listOperations[j].OperationType == OperationType.Mouse) { var mouse = listOperations[j] as MouseOperation; MouseAction.DoClick((int)mouse.Point.X, (int)mouse.Point.Y); } else if (listOperations[j].OperationType == OperationType.Key) { var key = listOperations[j] as KeyOperation; if (key.KeyOperationType == KeyOperationTypeEnum.Press) { KeyAction.MykeyDown(key.KeyCode); } else if (key.KeyOperationType == KeyOperationTypeEnum.Up) { KeyAction.MykeyUp(key.KeyCode); } } } private void CancelExec_OnClick(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { if (ExecTask != null) { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { try { cancelTokenSource.Cancel(); if (cancelTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested) { cancelTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource(); ExecTask.Dispose(); btnStart.IsEnabled = true; btnEnd.IsEnabled = !btnStart.IsEnabled; btnExec.IsEnabled = true; btnCancel.IsEnabled = !btnExec.IsEnabled; break; } } catch (Exception) { } } } } } }
勾子监听键盘鼠标事件
using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace AutoOperationTool { public class KMHook { public static bool InsertHook() { bool iRet; iRet = InsertKeyboardHook(); if (!iRet) { return false; } iRet = InsertMouseHook(); if (!iRet) { removeKeyboardHook(); return false; } return true; } public static bool RemoveHook() { bool iRet; iRet = removeKeyboardHook(); if (iRet) { iRet = removeMouseHook(); } return iRet; } public static event Func<object, bool> MouseCallback; public static event Func<object, bool> KeyCallback; internal struct Keyboard_LL_Hook_Data { public UInt32 vkCode; public UInt32 scanCode; public UInt32 flags; public UInt32 time; public IntPtr extraInfo; } internal struct Mouse_LL_Hook_Data { internal long yx; internal readonly int mouseData; internal readonly uint flags; internal readonly uint time; internal readonly IntPtr dwExtraInfo; } private static IntPtr pKeyboardHook = IntPtr.Zero; private static IntPtr pMouseHook = IntPtr.Zero; //钩子委托声明 public delegate int HookProc(int code, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); private static HookProc keyboardHookProc; private static HookProc mouseHookProc; //安装钩子 [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr pInstance, int threadID); //卸载钩子 [DllImport("user32.dll", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.StdCall)] public static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr pHookHandle); [DllImport("user32.dll")] public static extern int CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hhk, int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam); //parameter 'hhk' is ignored. private static int keyboardHookCallback(int code, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { if (code < 0) { return CallNextHookEx(IntPtr.Zero, code, wParam, lParam); } Keyboard_LL_Hook_Data khd = (Keyboard_LL_Hook_Data)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(Keyboard_LL_Hook_Data)); System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"key event:{wParam}, key code:{khd.vkCode}, event time:{khd.time}"); var keyType = 0L; var iWParam = (int)wParam; if (iWParam == 256) { keyType = 0; } else if (iWParam == 257) { keyType = 1; } else { keyType = 0; } KeyCallback?.Invoke(new long[3] { keyType, (int)khd.vkCode, (int)khd.time }); return 0; } private static int mouseHookCallback(int code, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam) { if (code < 0) { return CallNextHookEx(IntPtr.Zero, code, wParam, lParam); } Mouse_LL_Hook_Data mhd = (Mouse_LL_Hook_Data)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(Mouse_LL_Hook_Data)); System.Diagnostics.Debug.WriteLine($"mouse event:{wParam}, ({mhd.yx & 0xffffffff},{mhd.yx >> 32})"); var mouseType = 0L; var iWParam = (int)wParam; if (iWParam == 513) { mouseType = 1; } else if (iWParam == 514) { mouseType = 2; } else { mouseType = 0; } MouseCallback?.Invoke(new long[3]{ mouseType , mhd.yx & 0xffffffff, mhd.yx >> 32 }); return 0; } //安装钩子方法 private static bool InsertKeyboardHook() { if (pKeyboardHook == IntPtr.Zero)//不存在钩子时 { //创建钩子 keyboardHookProc = keyboardHookCallback; pKeyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx(13, //13表示全局键盘事件。 keyboardHookProc, (IntPtr)0, 0); if (pKeyboardHook == IntPtr.Zero)//如果安装钩子失败 { removeKeyboardHook(); return false; } } return true; } private static bool InsertMouseHook() { if (pMouseHook == IntPtr.Zero) { mouseHookProc = mouseHookCallback; pMouseHook = SetWindowsHookEx(14, //14表示全局鼠标事件 mouseHookProc, (IntPtr)0, 0); if (pMouseHook == IntPtr.Zero) { removeMouseHook(); return false; } } return true; } private static bool removeKeyboardHook() { if (pKeyboardHook != IntPtr.Zero) { if (UnhookWindowsHookEx(pKeyboardHook)) { pKeyboardHook = IntPtr.Zero; } else { return false; } } return true; } private static bool removeMouseHook() { if (pMouseHook != IntPtr.Zero) { if (UnhookWindowsHookEx(pMouseHook)) { pMouseHook = IntPtr.Zero; } else { return false; } } return true; } } }
操作键盘按键
using System; using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace AutoOperationTool { public class KeyAction { [DllImport("user32.dll", SetLastError = true)] public static extern void keybd_event(byte bVk, byte bScan, uint dwFlags, UIntPtr dwExtraInfo); /// key down public void MykeyDown(Key vKeyCoad) { PressKey(vKeyCoad, false); } /// Key up public void MykeyUp(Key vKeyCoad) { PressKey(vKeyCoad, true); } private void PressKey(Key key, bool up) { const int KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY = 0x1; const int KEYEVENTF_KEYUP = 0x2; if (up) { keybd_event((byte)key, 0x45, KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY | KEYEVENTF_KEYUP, (UIntPtr)0); } else { keybd_event((byte)key, 0x45, KEYEVENTF_EXTENDEDKEY, (UIntPtr)0); } } } }
操作鼠标移动及单击
using System.Runtime.InteropServices; namespace AutoOperationTool { public class MouseAction { [DllImport("user32")] public static extern int mouse_event(int dwFlags, int dx, int dy, int cButtons, int dwExtraInfo); [DllImport("User32.dll")] public static extern bool SetCursorPos(int X, int Y); public static void DoClick(int x, int y) { SetCursorPos(x, y); mouse_event((int)MouseType.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTDOWN | (int)MouseType.MOUSEEVENTF_LEFTUP, 0, 0, 0, 0); } } }
