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所属分类：linux技术
一、简介
Sonar是一个用于代码质量管理的开放平台，通过插件机制，sonar可以收集不同的测试工具，代码分析工具，以及持续集成工具。与持续集成工具（比如jenkins）不同，sonar并不是简单地把不同的代码检查工具结果直接显示在web页面，而是通过不同的插件对这些结果进行加工处理，通过量化的方式度量代码质量的变化，从而可以方便地对不同规模和种类的工程进行代码质量管理。在对其他工具的支持方面，sonar不仅提供了对IDE的支持，可以在Eclipse和Intellij IDEA这些工具里联机查看结果；同时sonar还对大量的持续集成工具提供了接口支持，可以很方便地在持续集成中使用sonar，此外，sonar的插件还可以对java以外的其他编程语言提供支持，对国际化及报告文档也有很良好的支持；官方网站https://www.sonarqube.org；
二、sonar平台部署
sonarqube是一款用java语言编写的程序，它主要作用是提供一个web界面，展示扫描分析结果以及系统管理，插件管理等；扫描代码还是sonar-scanner这个插件做的，它的工作原理是sonar-scanner通过识别项目中的sonar-project.properties配置文件中定义的内容，把对应的项目源码进行扫描，把扫描后的结果保存到指定的数据库；然后sonarqube通过连接配置的数据库，把sonar-scanner存入数据库中的数据加载到web界面，从而用户就可以通过web界面查看扫描的项目源码的结果；
1、安装数据库
上传mysql5.6安装包和脚本
[root@node03 ~]# rz rz waiting to receive. zmodem trl+C ȡ 100% 256 bytes 256 bytes/s 00:00:01 0 Errors 100% 321268 KB 35696 KB/s 00:00:09 0 Errors.gz... 100% 1 KB 1 KB/s 00:00:01 0 Errors [root@node03 ~]# ll total 321280 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 256 Aug 20 2019 my.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 328979165 Aug 20 2019 mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1470 Aug 20 2019 mysql-install.sh [root@node03 ~]#
安装脚本
#!/bin/bash DIR=`pwd` NAME="mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz" FULL_NAME=${DIR}/${NAME} DATA_DIR="/data/mysql" yum install vim gcc gcc-c++ wget autoconf net-tools lrzsz iotop lsof iotop bash-completion -y yum install curl policycoreutils openssh-server openssh-clients postfix -y if [ -f ${FULL_NAME} ];then echo "安装文件存在" else echo "安装文件不存在" exit 3 fi if [ -h /usr/local/mysql ];then echo "Mysql 已经安装" exit 3 else tar xvf ${FULL_NAME} -C /usr/local/src ln -sv /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql if id mysql;then echo "mysql 用户已经存在，跳过创建用户过程" fi useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin if id mysql;then chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql/* -R if [ ! -d /data/mysql ];then mkdir -pv /data/mysql /var/lib/mysql && chown -R mysql.mysql /data -R /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ cp /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld chmod a+x /etc/init.d/mysqld cp ${DIR}/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf ln -sv /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql ln -sv /data/mysql/mysql.sock /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock /etc/init.d/mysqld start else echo "MySQL数据目录已经存在," exit 3 fi fi fi
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安装mysql
[root@node03 ~]# bash mysql-install.sh
提示：自动安装脚本执行完成后，它会自动启动mysql，如果启动成功，说明mysql已经安装完成；
验证：查看msyql是否启动，是否可以连接到mysql数据库?
创建数据库和用户授权
mysql> CREATE DATABASE sonar CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) mysql> GRANT ALL ON sonar.* TO sonar@"192.168.0.%" IDENTIFIED BY "admin"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
验证：使用创建的用户连接数据库，看看是否可以连接？
[root@node03 ~]# mysql -usonar -padmin -h192.168.0.43 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'sonar'@'node03.test.org' (using password: YES) [root@node03 ~]#
提示：这里主要是mysql把ip地址反解成主机名了；
配置mysql，忽略ip地址反解成主机名
重启mysql，再次测试新建的用户是否能够连接到mysql？
到此mysql安装和测试就完成了
2、安装jdk
[root@node03 ~]# yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
验证java版本
[root@node03 ~]# java -version openjdk version "1.8.0_262" OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_262-b10) OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.262-b10, mixed mode) [root@node03 ~]#
提示：sonar 依赖于 java 环境，而且 java 版本必须是 1.8 版本或更高，否则 sonar 启动失败；
3、上传sonarqube安装包，安装sonarqube
提示：在官方下载太慢了，我这里下载好了，直接传上来的；现在最新版本7.9不支持mysql；
解压压缩包
[root@node03 src]# unzip sonarqube-6.5.zip
新建软连接
[root@node03 src]# ll total 139932 drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 205 Oct 15 23:27 mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 120 Aug 1 2017 sonarqube-6.5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 143286376 Aug 20 2019 sonarqube-6.5.zip [root@node03 src]# ln -sv /usr/local/src/sonarqube-6.5 /usr/local/sonaqube ‘/usr/local/sonaqube’ -> ‘/usr/local/src/sonarqube-6.5’ [root@node03 src]# ll /usr/local/ total 0 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 bin drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 etc drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 games drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 include drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 lib drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 lib64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 libexec lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 50 Oct 15 23:27 mysql -> /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 5 2016 sbin drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root 49 Sep 15 20:33 share lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 Oct 15 23:39 sonaqube -> /usr/local/src/sonarqube-6.5 drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 95 Oct 15 23:39 src [root@node03 src]#
配置sonarqube连接192.168.0.43上的数据库，并让其web端口监听在本机所有地址的9000端口
[root@node03 sonaqube]# grep ^[a-z] conf/sonar.properties sonar.jdbc.username=sonar sonar.jdbc.password=admin sonar.jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.43:3306/sonar?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&rewriteBatchedStatements=true&useConfigs=maxPerformance&useSSL=false sonar.web.host=0.0.0.0 sonar.web.port=9000 [root@node03 sonaqube]#
提示：sonar.jdbc.username是指连接数据库的用户名；sonar.jdbc.password指连接数据库的用户名密码；sonar.jdbc.url指连接数据库的驱动名以及数据库地址，端口和数据库名称，后面是指定的参数保持默认即可；sonar.web.host用于指定监听的ip地址，0.0.0.0表示监听本机所有可用地址；sonar.web.port指定监听的端口；
启动sonarqube
[root@node03 sonaqube]# bin/linux-x86-64/sonar.sh --help Usage: bin/linux-x86-64/sonar.sh { console | start | stop | restart | status | dump } [root@node03 sonaqube]# bin/linux-x86-64/sonar.sh start Starting SonarQube... Started SonarQube. [root@node03 sonaqube]#
验证：查看9000端口是否处于监听？
[root@node03 ~]# ss -tnl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::3306 :::* [root@node03 ~]#
提示：9000端口并没有监听；
查看日志
提示：日志里提示说内存不足；
查看内存使用情况
[root@node03 sonaqube]# free -m total used free shared buff/cache available Mem: 1823 1662 73 0 87 30 Swap: 1023 687 336 [root@node03 sonaqube]#
提示：2G内存还剩73M，交换分区还是用了687M，内存的确有点小；解决办法只有重新分配内存；我这里是虚拟机，直接调整内存即可；
调整好内存后，在启动sonarqube，看看是否启动起来？
提示：调整内存为4G，勉强启动起来；所以如果数据库和sonarqube在一台主机上，建议将内存调到8G，甚至更高；
访问9000端口
登录试试
提示：点击登录，弹出一个输入token的界面，我们可以忽略它，直接进入即可；到此sonarqube服务就正常跑起来了；
4、安装扫描器 sonar-scanner
上传安装包，并解压
[root@node03 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@node03 src]# rz rz waiting to receive. zmodem trl+C ȡ 100% 489 KB 489 KB/s 00:00:01 0 Errorsp... [root@node03 src]# ll total 140424 drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 205 Oct 15 23:27 mysql-5.6.42-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 146 Oct 15 23:43 sonarqube-6.5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 143286376 Aug 20 2019 sonarqube-6.5.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 501750 Aug 20 2019 sonar-scanner-2.6.1.zip [root@node03 src]# unzip sonar-scanner-2.6.1.zip Archive: sonar-scanner-2.6.1.zip creating: sonar-scanner-2.6.1/bin/ inflating: sonar-scanner-2.6.1/bin/sonar-scanner inflating: sonar-scanner-2.6.1/bin/sonar-runner creating: sonar-scanner-2.6.1/conf/ inflating: sonar-scanner-2.6.1/conf/sonar-scanner.properties creating: sonar-scanner-2.6.1/lib/ inflating: sonar-scanner-2.6.1/lib/sonar-scanner-cli-2.6.1.jar inflating: sonar-scanner-2.6.1/bin/sonar-runner.bat inflating: sonar-scanner-2.6.1/bin/sonar-scanner.bat [root@node03 src]#
创建软连接
配置 sonar-scanner
提示：扫描器主要配置它需要连接的数据相关配置，以及soanrqube服务的地址；扫描器不需要启动，它的工作方式是在对应项目里sonar-porject.properties配置文件所在目录运行sonar-scanner，它默认会去找项目中的sonar-porject.properties配置文件，进行扫描项目源代码；
测试：上传测试代码进行扫描
解压，并进入到项目目录，进入sonar-project.properties文件所在目录
提示：sonar.projectKey、sonar.projectName、sonar.projectVersion这三个可以根据自己的项目实际情况来定，这个只是标记项目的，不影响扫描结果；最重要的是要告诉扫描器去哪里找源码；sonar.sources用来指定源码位置，通常这里都是一个相对当前目录的目录；sonar.language这个是指定项目的语言，扫描器通过这里的配置，确定用哪种插件去扫描；sonar.sourceEncoding这个是指定源码的编码；
在sonar-project.properties配置文件所在目录执行sonar-scanner命令进行扫描
[root@node03 python-sonar-runner]# ll total 12 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 461 Jul 25 2016 README.md -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 338 Jul 25 2016 sonar-project.properties drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 93 Jul 25 2016 src -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 290 Jul 25 2016 validation.txt [root@node03 python-sonar-runner]# /usr/local/sonar-scanner/bin/sonar-scanner INFO: Scanner configuration file: /usr/local/sonar-scanner/conf/sonar-scanner.properties INFO: Project root configuration file: /root/sonar-examples-master/projects/languages/python/python-sonar-runner/sonar-project.properties INFO: SonarQube Scanner 2.6.1 INFO: Java 1.8.0_262 Oracle Corporation (64-bit) INFO: Linux 3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 amd64 INFO: User cache: /root/.sonar/cache INFO: Load global settings INFO: Load global settings (done) | time=148ms WARN: Property 'sonar.jdbc.url' is not supported any more. It will be ignored. There is no longer any DB connection to the SQ database. WARN: Property 'sonar.jdbc.username' is not supported any more. It will be ignored. There is no longer any DB connection to the SQ database. WARN: Property 'sonar.jdbc.password' is not supported any more. It will be ignored. There is no longer any DB connection to the SQ database. INFO: User cache: /root/.sonar/cache INFO: Load plugins index INFO: Load plugins index (done) | time=80ms INFO: Download sonar-csharp-plugin-5.10.1.1411.jar INFO: Download sonar-python-plugin-1.8.0.1496.jar INFO: Download sonar-java-plugin-4.12.0.11033.jar INFO: Download sonar-scm-git-plugin-1.2.jar INFO: Download sonar-flex-plugin-2.3.jar INFO: Download sonar-xml-plugin-1.4.3.1027.jar INFO: Download sonar-php-plugin-2.10.0.2087.jar INFO: Download sonar-scm-svn-plugin-1.5.0.715.jar INFO: Download sonar-javascript-plugin-3.1.1.5128.jar INFO: SonarQube server 6.5.0 INFO: Default locale: "en_US", source code encoding: "UTF-8" INFO: Process project properties INFO: Load project repositories INFO: Load project repositories (done) | time=41ms INFO: Load quality profiles INFO: Load quality profiles (done) | time=42ms INFO: Load active rules INFO: Load active rules (done) | time=782ms INFO: Load metrics repository INFO: Load metrics repository (done) | time=86ms WARN: SCM provider autodetection failed. No SCM provider claims to support this project. Please use sonar.scm.provider to define SCM of your project. INFO: Publish mode INFO: Project key: org.sonarqube:python-simple-sonar-scanner INFO: ------------- Scan Python :: Simple Project : SonarQube Scanner INFO: Load server rules INFO: Load server rules (done) | time=49ms INFO: Language is forced to py INFO: Base dir: /root/sonar-examples-master/projects/languages/python/python-sonar-runner INFO: Working dir: /root/sonar-examples-master/projects/languages/python/python-sonar-runner/.sonar INFO: Source paths: src INFO: Source encoding: UTF-8, default locale: en_US INFO: Index files INFO: 9 files indexed INFO: Quality profile for py: Sonar way INFO: Sensor PythonXUnitSensor [python] INFO: Sensor PythonXUnitSensor [python] (done) | time=7ms INFO: Sensor Python Squid Sensor [python] INFO: Python unit test coverage INFO: Python integration test coverage INFO: Python overall test coverage INFO: Sensor Python Squid Sensor [python] (done) | time=218ms INFO: Sensor SonarJavaXmlFileSensor [java] INFO: Sensor SonarJavaXmlFileSensor [java] (done) | time=1ms INFO: Sensor Analyzer for "php.ini" files [php] INFO: Sensor Analyzer for "php.ini" files [php] (done) | time=2ms INFO: Sensor Zero Coverage Sensor INFO: Sensor Zero Coverage Sensor (done) | time=11ms INFO: Sensor CPD Block Indexer INFO: Sensor CPD Block Indexer (done) | time=14ms INFO: No SCM system was detected. You can use the 'sonar.scm.provider' property to explicitly specify it. INFO: 5 files had no CPD blocks INFO: Calculating CPD for 4 files INFO: CPD calculation finished INFO: Analysis report generated in 50ms, dir size=54 KB INFO: Analysis reports compressed in 11ms, zip size=27 KB INFO: Analysis report uploaded in 520ms INFO: ANALYSIS SUCCESSFUL, you can browse http://192.168.0.43:9000/dashboard/index/org.sonarqube:python-simple-sonar-scanner INFO: Note that you will be able to access the updated dashboard once the server has processed the submitted analysis report INFO: More about the report processing at http://192.168.0.43:9000/api/ce/task?id=AXUtFHMGxcHkiMKcN6ov INFO: Task total time: 3.414 s INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ INFO: EXECUTION SUCCESS INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ INFO: Total time: 6.631s INFO: Final Memory: 47M/181M INFO: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [root@node03 python-sonar-runner]#
扫描结果如上所示
查看扫描结果
安装中文支持
上传插件到sonarqube的插件目录
重启sonarqube，让插件生效
[root@node03 plugins]# /usr/local/sonaqube/bin/linux-x86-64/sonar.sh restart Stopping SonarQube... Stopped SonarQube. Starting SonarQube... Started SonarQube. [root@node03 plugins]#
验证：重新刷新web页面，看看是否有中文支持了？
在线安装插件
提示：它这个安装插件的方式和jenkins安装插件的方式一样，你把需要的安装的插件，在availabe中进行搜索；然后点击后面的install即可；
到此，代码管理平台sonarqube+sonar-scanner的部署和测试就完成了；
