摘要

//删除可以恢复//删除不可以恢复
| 语句类型 | 特点 |
| :——– | :——–| :——: |
| delete | DELETE删除表内容时仅删除内容，但会保留表构
DELETE语句每次删除一行
并在事务日志中为所删除的每行记录一项
可以通过回滚事务日志恢复数据
非常占用空间|
|truncate | 删除表中所有数据，且无法恢复
表结构、约束和索引等保持不变，新添加的行计数值重置为初始值
执行速度比DELETE快，且使用的系统和事务日志资源少
通过释放存储表数据所用的数据页来删除数据，并且只在事务日志中记录页的释放
对于有外键约束引用的表，不能使用TRUNCATE TABLE删除数据
不能用于加入了索引视图的表 |

mysql 基础

---

DML操作

INSERT语句

[root@lnh ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password:  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 26 Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)  Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.  Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.  mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) //设置密码的等级 mysql> set global validate_password_length=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) //设置密码的长度 mysql> insert into tsb(id,name,age) value(1,'zhangsan',20); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)  //一次插入一条记录 mysql> insert into tsb(id,name,age) values(1,'lisi',20),(2,'wangwu',21),(3,'laoliu',21),(2,'zhaoqi',null); Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.00 sec)  //多次插入一条记录 Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0 mysql> select * from tsb; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | |  2 | wangwu   |   21 | |  3 | laoliu   |   21 | |  2 | zhaoqi   | NULL | +----+----------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) //查询读取数据 

SELECT语句

mysql> select * from tsb; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | |  2 | wangwu   |   21 | |  3 | laoliu   |   21 | |  2 | zhaoqi   | NULL | +----+----------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) //查询tsb的数据 mysql> select name  from tsb; +----------+ | name     | +----------+ | zhangsan | | lisi     | | wangwu   | | laoliu   | | zhaoqi   | +----------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) //查看tsb的名字 mysql> select * from tsb order by age; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  2 | zhaoqi   | NULL | |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | |  2 | wangwu   |   21 | |  3 | laoliu   |   21 | +----+----------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) //查询tsb以年龄进行升序排序 mysql> select * from tsb order by age desc; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  2 | wangwu   |   21 | |  3 | laoliu   |   21 | |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | |  2 | zhaoqi   | NULL | +----+----------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) //查询tsb以年龄进行降序排序 mysql> select * from tsb order by age limit 2; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  2 | zhaoqi   | NULL | |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | +----+----------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) //查询tsb以年龄进行升序排序并只取前2个结果 mysql> select * from tsb order by age limit 1,2; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | +----+----------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) //查询tsb以年龄进行升序排序并且略过第1个结果取后面的2个结果 mysql> select * from tsb where age=20; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | +----+----------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) //以这个年龄段的进行查询 mysql> select * from tsb where age=20 and name='zhangsan'; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | +----+----------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //以这个年龄段和名字进行查询 mysql> select * from tsb where age=20 or name='zhangsan'; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | +----+----------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) //以这个年龄段或名字进行查询 mysql> select * from tsb where age between 20 and 21; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | |  2 | wangwu   |   21 | |  3 | laoliu   |   21 | +----+----------+------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) //查询这之间的 mysql> select * from tsb where age is not null; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | |  2 | wangwu   |   21 | |  3 | laoliu   |   21 | +----+----------+------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) //年龄不等于null的 mysql> select * from tsb where age is  null; +----+--------+------+ | id | name   | age  | +----+--------+------+ |  2 | zhaoqi | NULL | +----+--------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //年龄等于这个null的 mysql> select name as '名字',id as '序列',age as '年龄' from tsb; +----------+--------+--------+ | 名字     | 序列   | 年龄   | +----------+--------+--------+ | zhangsan |      1 |     20 | | lisi     |      1 |     20 | | wangwu   |      2 |     21 | | laoliu   |      3 |     21 | | zhaoqi   |      2 |   NULL | +----------+--------+--------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) //临时的命名中文名 mysql> select * from tsb where name like '%s%'; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | +----+----------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) //查询这个表里面的名字首字母和结尾字母是s的 mysql> select * from tsb where name like 'z%'; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  2 | zhaoqi   | NULL | +----+----------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) //查询这个表里面的名字首字母是z的 mysql> select * from tsb where name like '%n'; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | +----+----------+------+ 1 row in set (0.01 sec) //查询这个表里面的名字字母结尾是n的 

update语句

mysql> select * from tsb; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | |  2 | wangwu   |   21 | |  3 | laoliu   |   21 | |  2 | zhaoqi   | NULL | +----+----------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> update tsb set age=30 where name='zhangsan'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0  mysql> select * from tsb where name = 'zhangsan'; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   30 | +----+----------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //修改表里面的数据 

delete语句

//删除可以恢复

mysql> select * from tsb; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   30 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | |  2 | wangwu   |   21 | |  3 | laoliu   |   21 | |  2 | zhaoqi   | NULL | +----+----------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> delete from tsb where id = 2; Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) //删除这个id的数据 mysql> select * from tsb; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  1 | zhangsan |   30 | |  1 | lisi     |   20 | |  3 | laoliu   |   21 | +----+----------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> delete from tsb; Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.00 sec) //删除这个表的内容，但是不删除这个表 mysql> select * from tsb; Empty set (0.00 sec)  mysql> desc tsb; +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id    | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       | | name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |       | | age   | int(11)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

truncate语句

//删除不可以恢复
| 语句类型 | 特点 |
| :-------- | :--------| :------: |
| delete | DELETE删除表内容时仅删除内容，但会保留表构
DELETE语句每次删除一行
并在事务日志中为所删除的每行记录一项
可以通过回滚事务日志恢复数据
非常占用空间|
|truncate | 删除表中所有数据，且无法恢复
表结构、约束和索引等保持不变，新添加的行计数值重置为初始值
执行速度比DELETE快，且使用的系统和事务日志资源少
通过释放存储表数据所用的数据页来删除数据，并且只在事务日志中记录页的释放
对于有外键约束引用的表，不能使用TRUNCATE TABLE删除数据
不能用于加入了索引视图的表 |

mysql> select * from tsb; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  2 | lisi     |   20 | |  3 | wangwu   |   21 | |  4 | laoliu   |   21 | |  5 | zhaoqi   | NULL | |  1 | zhangsan |   20 | +----+----------+------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> truncate tsb; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  mysql> select * from tsb; Empty set (0.00 sec)  mysql> desc tsb; +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id    | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       | | name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |       | | age   | int(11)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) //删除不可以恢复，但是也不删除表 

DCL操作

创建授权grant

权限类型(priv_type)
| 权限类型 | 代表什么？ |
| :-------- | :--------| :------: |
| ALL | 所有权限 |
| SELECT|读取内容的权限 |
|INSERT | 插入内容的权限 |
| UPDATE| 更新内容的权限 |
|DELETE |删除内容的权限 |

指定要操作的对象db_name.table_name

| 表示方式 | 意义 |
| :-------- | :--------| :------: |
| "* . *" | 所有库的所有表 |
| db_name | 指定库的所有表 |
|db_name.table_name |指定库的指定表 |

WITH GRANT OPTION：被授权的用户可将自己的权限副本转赠给其他用户，说白点就是将自己的权限完全复制给另一个用户。不建议使用。

mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sys                | | tushanbu           | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) //查看数据库 mysql> create user 'lnh'@'192.168.222.250' identified by 'xbz1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) //创建用户 mysql>  grant all on * .* to 'lnh'@'localhost' identified by 'xbz1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> grant all on * .* to 'lnh'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'xbz1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) //授权lnh用户在数据库本机上登录访问所有数据库 mysql> grant all on tushanbu.* to 'lnh'@'192.168.222.250' identified by 'xbz1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) //授权lnh用户在192.168.222.250上远程登录访问tushanbu数据库 mysql> grant all on * .* to 'lnh'@'%' identified by 'xbz1'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) //授权lnh用户在所有位置上远程登录访问tushanbu数据库 [root@lnh ~]# mysql -ulnh -pxbz1 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 32 Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)  Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.  Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.  mysql> use tushanbu; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A  Database changed //进入新创建的数据库 mysql> create table xbz(id int not null,name varchar(10) not null,age int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) //创建表 

//与刚刚授权的数据库连接成功

//对数据库里面表进行修改

mysql> desc xbz; +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | id    | int(11)      | NO   |     | NULL    |       | | name  | varchar(10)  | YES  |     | NULL    |       | | age   | int(11)      | YES  |     | NULL    |       | | lv    | varchar(255) | YES  |     | NULL    |       | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) //可以看见结构修改成功 

查看授权

mysql> show grants; +--------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for lnh@localhost                         | +--------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'lnh'@'localhost' | +--------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) //查看当前登录用户的授权信息 mysql> show grants for lnh; //查看指定用户lnh的授权信息 +------------------------------------------+ | Grants for lnh@%                         | +------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'lnh'@'%' | +------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> show grants for 'lnh'@'localhost'; +--------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for lnh@localhost                         | +--------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'lnh'@'localhost' | +--------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> show grants for 'lnh'@'127.0.0.1'; +--------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for lnh@127.0.0.1                         | +--------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'lnh'@'127.0.0.1' | +--------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 

取消授权REVOKE

在root数据库里面进行操作

mysql>  revoke all on *.* from 'lnh'@'192.68.222.250'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 

注意：mysql服务进程启动时会读取mysql库中的所有授权表至内存中：

GRANT或REVOKE等执行权限操作会保存于表中，mysql的服务进程会自动重读授权表，并更新至内存中
对于不能够或不能及时重读授权表的命令，可手动让mysql的服务进程重读授权表

实战案例

1. 搭建mysql服务

配置mysql的yum源: [root@lnh ~]# wget http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm --2022-07-25 17:03:13--  http://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm Resolving dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)... 184.29.181.90, 2600:1402:b800:1194::2e31, 2600:1402:b800:118f::2e31 Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|184.29.181.90|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 301 Moved Permanently Location: https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm [following] --2022-07-25 17:03:13--  https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm Connecting to dev.mysql.com (dev.mysql.com)|184.29.181.90|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily Location: https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm [following] --2022-07-25 17:03:14--  https://repo.mysql.com//mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm Resolving repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)... 184.30.152.230 Connecting to repo.mysql.com (repo.mysql.com)|184.30.152.230|:443... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 25680 (25K) [application/x-redhat-package-manager] Saving to: ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm’  mysql57-community- 100%[================>]  25.08K   125KB/s    in 0.2s      2022-07-25 17:03:15 (125 KB/s) - ‘mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm’ saved [25680/25680] [root@lnh ~]# rpm -Uvh  mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Verifying...                          ################################# [100%] Preparing...                          ################################# [100%] Updating / installing...    1:mysql57-community-release-el7-11 ################################# [100%] [root@lnh ~]# rpm -Uvh  mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm warning: mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Verifying...                          ################################# [100%] Preparing...                          ################################# [100%] Updating / installing...    1:mysql57-community-release-el7-11 ################################# [100%] [root@lnh ~]# dnf module disable mysql    //禁用mysql MySQL Connectors Community                   47 kB/s |  49 kB     00:01     MySQL Tools Community                       257 kB/s | 651 kB     00:02     MySQL 5.7 Community Server                  817 kB/s | 2.6 MB     00:03     Dependencies resolved. ============================================================================  Package          Architecture    Version            Repository        Size ============================================================================ Disabling modules:  mysql                                                                       Transaction Summary ============================================================================  Is this ok [y/N]: y Complete! [root@lnh ~]# dnf -y install mysql-community-server mysql-community-client mysql-community-common mysql-community-devel --nogpgcheck   //不验证合法性进行下载 [root@lnh ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld   //设置开机自启 [root@lnh ~]# systemctl status mysqld.service //查看状态 ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor >    Active: active (running) since Mon 2022-07-25 17:36:19 CST; 12s ago      Docs: man:mysqld(8)            http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html   Process: 67864 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run>   Process: 67814 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, sta>  Main PID: 67866 (mysqld)     Tasks: 27 (limit: 12221)    Memory: 310.2M    CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service            └─67866 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/>  Jul 25 17:36:17 lnh systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... Jul 25 17:36:19 lnh systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server. [root@lnh ~]# ss -antl   //查看3306端口是否出现 State   Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port  Process   LISTEN  0       128            0.0.0.0:22            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN  0       128                  *:80                  *:*               LISTEN  0       128               [::]:22               [::]:*               LISTEN  0       80                   *:3306                *:*               [root@lnh ~]# grep "password" /var/log/mysqld.log  2022-07-25T09:36:17.891633Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: eNGwhYkrz3_( //在日志文件中找出临时密码 [root@lnh ~]# mysql -uroot -p   //使用临时密码登录 Enter password:  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 5 Server version: 5.7.38  Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.  Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. //修改mysql登录密码 mysql> set global validate_password_policy=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  mysql> set global validate_password_length=1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'xbz123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  mysql> quit Bye [root@lnh ~]# mysql -uroot -pxbz123    //验证密码修改成功 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)  Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.  Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.  mysql>  [root@lnh ~]# rpm -qa |grep mysql mysql-community-client-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64 mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch mysql-community-common-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64 mysql-community-server-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64 mysql-community-devel-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64 mysql-community-libs-5.7.38-1.el7.x86_64 [root@lnh ~]# rpm -e mysql57-community-release-el7-11.noarch //卸载这个包防止其更新 

2. 创建一个以你名字为名的数据库，并创建一张表student，该表包含三个字段（id，name，age），表结构如下：

[root@lnh ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password:  Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 38 Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL)  Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.  Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement.  mysql> create database lnh; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)  mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database           | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | lnh                | | mysql              | | performance_schema | | sys                | | tushanbu           | +--------------------+ 6 rows in set (0.00 sec)  mysql> use lnh; Database changed mysql> create table student(id int(11) primary key auto_increment,name varchar(100)not null,age tinyint(4)); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)  mysql> desc student; +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | Field | Type         | Null | Key | Default | Extra          | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ | id    | int(11)      | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment | | name  | varchar(100) | NO   |     | NULL    |                | | age   | tinyint(4)   | YES  |     | NULL    |                | +-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

3. 查看下该新建的表有无内容（用select语句）

mysql> select * from student; Empty set (0.00 sec) 

4. 往新建的student表中插入数据（用insert语句），结果应如下所示：

mysql> insert into student(name,age) values('tom',20),('jerry',23),('wangqiing',25),('sean',28),('zhangsan',26),('zhangsan',20),('lisi',null),('chenshhuo',10),('wangwu',3),('qiuyi',15),('qiuxiaotian',20); Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 11  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0  mysql> select * from student; +----+-------------+------+ | id | name        | age  | +----+-------------+------+ |  1 | tom         |   20 | |  2 | jerry       |   23 | |  3 | wangqiing   |   25 | |  4 | sean        |   28 | |  5 | zhangsan    |   26 | |  6 | zhangsan    |   20 | |  7 | lisi        | NULL | |  8 | chenshhuo   |   10 | |  9 | wangwu      |    3 | | 10 | qiuyi       |   15 | | 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 | +----+-------------+------+ 11 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

5. 修改lisi的年龄为50

mysql> update student set age = 50 where name = 'lisi'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0  mysql> select * from student where name = 'lisi'; +----+------+------+ | id | name | age  | +----+------+------+ |  7 | lisi |   50 | +----+------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) 

6. 以age字段降序排序

mysql> select * from student order by age desc; +----+-------------+------+ | id | name        | age  | +----+-------------+------+ |  7 | lisi        |   50 | |  4 | sean        |   28 | |  5 | zhangsan    |   26 | |  3 | wangqiing   |   25 | |  2 | jerry       |   23 | |  1 | tom         |   20 | |  6 | zhangsan    |   20 | | 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 | | 10 | qiuyi       |   15 | |  8 | chenshhuo   |   10 | |  9 | wangwu      |    3 | +----+-------------+------+ 11 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

7. 查询student表中年龄最小的3位同学跳过前2位

mysql> select * from student order by age limit 2,3; +----+-------------+------+ | id | name        | age  | +----+-------------+------+ | 10 | qiuyi       |   15 | |  1 | tom         |   20 | | 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 | +----+-------------+------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

8. 查询student表中年龄最大的4位同学

mysql> select * from student order by age desc limit 4; +----+-----------+------+ | id | name      | age  | +----+-----------+------+ |  7 | lisi      |   50 | |  4 | sean      |   28 | |  5 | zhangsan  |   26 | |  3 | wangqiing |   25 | +----+-----------+------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

9. 查询student表中名字叫zhangshan的记录

mysql> select * from student where name = 'zhangsan'; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  5 | zhangsan |   26 | |  6 | zhangsan |   20 | +----+----------+------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec)  

10. 查询student表中名字叫zhangshan且年龄大于20岁的记录

mysql> select * from student where name = 'zhangsan' and age > 20; +----+----------+------+ | id | name     | age  | +----+----------+------+ |  5 | zhangsan |   26 | +----+----------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)  

11. 查询student表中年龄在23到30之间的记录

mysql> select * from student where age between 23 and 30; +----+-----------+------+ | id | name      | age  | +----+-----------+------+ |  2 | jerry     |   23 | |  3 | wangqiing |   25 | |  4 | sean      |   28 | |  5 | zhangsan  |   26 | +----+-----------+------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)  

12. 修改wangwu的年龄为100

mysql> update student set age = 100 where name = 'wangwu'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0  mysql> select * from student where name = 'wangwu'; +----+--------+------+ | id | name   | age  | +----+--------+------+ |  9 | wangwu |  100 | +----+--------+------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)  

13. 删除student中名字叫zhangshan且年龄小于等于20的记录

mysql> delete from student where name = 'zhangshan' and age >= 20; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)  mysql> select * from student; +----+-------------+------+ | id | name        | age  | +----+-------------+------+ |  1 | tom         |   20 | |  2 | jerry       |   23 | |  3 | wangqiing   |   25 | |  4 | sean        |   28 | |  5 | zhangsan    |   26 | |  6 | zhangsan    |   20 | |  7 | lisi        |   50 | |  8 | chenshhuo   |   10 | |  9 | wangwu      |  100 | | 10 | qiuyi       |   15 | | 11 | qiuxiaotian |   20 | +----+-------------+------+ 11 rows in set (0.00 sec)