- A+
所属分类：linux技术
搭建lamp架构
1.LAMP架构介绍
所谓lamp，其实就是由Linux+Apache+Mysql/MariaDB+Php/Perl/Python的一组动态网站或者服务器的开源软件，除Linux外其它各部件本身都是各自独立的程序，但是因为经常被放在一起使用，拥有了越来越高的兼容度，共同组成了一个强大的Web应用程序平台。
LAMP指的是Linux（操作系统）、Apache（HTTP服务器）、MySQL（也指MariaDB，数据库软件）和PHP（有时也是指Perl或Python）的第一个字母，一般用来建立web应用平台。
2.架构说明
apache主要实现如下功能：
第一：处理http的请求、构建响应报文等自身服务；
第二：配置让Apache支持PHP程序的响应（通过PHP模块或FPM）；
第三：配置Apache具体处理php程序的方法，如通过反向代理将php程序交给fcgi处理。
mariadb主要实现如下功能：
第一：提供PHP程序对数据的存储；
第二：提供PHP程序对数据的读取(通常情况下从性能的角度考虑，尽量实现数据库的读写分离)。
php主要实现如下功能：
第一：提供apache的访问接口，即CGI或Fast CGI(FPM);
第二：提供PHP程序的解释器；
第三：提供mairadb数据库的连接函数的基本环境。
由此可知，要实现LAMP在配置每一个服务时，安装功能需求进行配置，即可实现LAMP的架构，当然apache、mariadb和php服务都可配置为独立服务，安装在不同服务器之上。
3.lamp平台搭建
环境说明
| 系统平台 | IP | 需要安装的服务 |
|---|---|---|
| centos8 | 192.168.111.135 | http mysql php php-mysql |
lamp平台软件安装次序：
http - - > mysql - - > php //顺序不可逆 注意：php要求httpd使用prefork MPM
阿里云
需要配置一个epel源
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/epel-release-latest-8.noarch.rpm [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^#baseurl=https://download.example/pub|baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel* [root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's|^metalink|#metalink|' /etc/yum.repos.d/epel* 3.1 编译安装httpd
//先下载需要的依赖包 [root@localhost ~]# dnf -y groupinstall "Development Tools" --allowerasing [root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install wget openssl-devel pcre-devel expat-devel libtool libxml2-devel make gcc gcc-c++ //创建一个apache的用户 [root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin apache [root@localhost ~]# id apache uid=994(apache) gid=991(apache) groups=991(apache) //wget下载安装httpd所需要的包 [root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-1.7.0.tar.gz https://downloads.apache.org/apr/apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz https://downloads.apache.org/httpd/httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz //解压并编译 [root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-1.7.0.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# tar xf apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# tar xf httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz [root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg apr-1.7.0 apr-1.7.0.tar.gz apr-util-1.6.1 apr-util-1.6.1.tar.gz httpd-2.4.54 httpd-2.4.54.tar.gz //进入apr-1.7.0的configure删除这一行或者注释这一行 [root@localhost ~]# cd apr-1.7.0 [root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# vim configure cfgfile=${ofile}T trap "$RM "$cfgfile"; exit 1" 1 2 15 #$RM "$cfgfile" //注释这行 //编译apr [root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr [root@localhost apr-1.7.0]# make && make install //编译apr-util [root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# cd ../apr-util-1.6.1 [root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/ [root@localhost apr-util-1.6.1]# make && make install //编译httpd [root@localhost ~]# cd httpd-2.4.54 [root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache --enable-so --enable-ssl --enable-cgi --enable-rewrite --with-zlib --with-pcre --with-apr=/usr/local/apr --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --enable-modules=most --enable-mpms-shared=all --with-rpm=prefork [root@localhost httpd-2.4.54]# make && make install //配置环境变量 [root@localhost ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/apache.sh [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile.d/apache.sh [root@localhost ~]# which apachectl /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl //创建头文件软连接 [root@localhost ~]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/apache //添加帮助文档 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man //添加 //取消警报 [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf ServerName www.example.com:80 //取消这行注释 //编写控制脚本 [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/ [root@localhost system]# cp sshd.service httpd.service [root@localhost system]# vim httpd.service [Unit] Description=httpd server daemon After=network.target sshd-keygen.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl start ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID ExecStop=/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl stop [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload //刷新一下 //设置开机自启动 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now http[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0d Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service. [root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* //关闭防火墙和selinux [root@localhost ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service. Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service. [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled [root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0 3.2 二进制安装mysql
//安装依赖包 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel ncurses-compat-libs //创建用户 [root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql [root@localhost ~]# id mysql uid=993(mysql) gid=990(mysql) groups=990(mysql) //下载二进制包 [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/ [root@localhost src]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz //解压软件包 [root@localhost src]# tar xf mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ //更改软件名，更改属主属组 [root@localhost src]# cd /usr/local/ [root@localhost local]# mv mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql [root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql* [root@localhost local]# ll -d mysql drwxr-xr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Aug 2 19:08 mysql //配置环境变量 [root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh [root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh //创建头文件 [root@localhost local]# ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include /usr/include/mysql //添加帮助文档 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/man_db.conf MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/man MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/share/man MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/share/man MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/apache/man MANDATORY_MANPATH /usr/local/mysql/man //添加 //创建库文件 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf [root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/ld.so.conf.d/mysql.conf /usr/local/mysql/lib/ [root@localhost ~]# ldconfig //创建数据存放目录 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/data [root@localhost ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data/ [root@localhost ~]# ll -d /opt/data/ drwxr-xr-x. 2 mysql mysql 6 Aug 2 19:13 /opt/data/ //初始化 [root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user mysql --datadir /opt/data/ 2022-08-02T11:33:30.837163Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. 2022-08-02T11:33:30.882575Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: ,%//ikYZV3tZ //最后一行会生成临时密码 [root@localhost ~]# echo ',%//ikYZV3tZ' > passwd //记录一下密码 //编写配置文件 [root@localhost ~]# dnf -y remove mariadb* [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /opt/data socket = /tmp/mysql.sock port = 3306 pid-file = /opt/data/mysql.pid user = mysql skip-name-resolve //编写服务控制脚本 [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/lib/systemd/system/ [root@localhost system]# cp httpd.service mysqld.service [root@localhost system]# vim mysqld.service [Unit] Description=mysql server daemon After=network.target sshd-keygen.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start ExecStop=/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload //刷新一下 //设置开机自启 [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service. [root@localhost ~]# ss -anlt State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* //设置密码 [root@localhost ~]# cat passwd ,%//ikYZV3tZ [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p',%//ikYZV3tZ' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.38 Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> set password = password('123456'); Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) //登录查看是否修改成功 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 3 Server version: 5.7.38 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> 3.3 编译安装php
//下载php软件包 [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/ [root@localhost src]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.30.tar.gz //解压软件包 [root@localhost src]# tar xf php-7.4.30.tar.gz [root@localhost src]# ls debug kernels mysql-5.7.38-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz php-7.4.30 php-7.4.30.tar.gz //安装依赖包 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm [root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install libsqlite3x-devel [root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install libzip-devel //编译安装 [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/src/ [root@localhost src]# cd php-7.4.30 [root@localhost php-7.4.30]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 --with-config-file-path=/etc --enable-fpm --enable-inline-optimization --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-shared --enable-soap --with-openssl --enable-bcmath --with-iconv --with-bz2 --enable-calendar --with-curl --enable-exif --enable-ftp --enable-gd --with-jpeg --with-zlib-dir --with-freetype --with-gettext --enable-json --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-readline --enable-shmop --enable-simplexml --enable-sockets --with-zip --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support --with-pear --enable-pcntl --enable-posix [root@localhost php-7.4.30]# make && make install //配置环境变量 [root@localhost local]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php7/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh [root@localhost local]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh [root@localhost local]# which php /usr/local/php7/bin/php [root@localhost php-7.4.30]# php -v PHP 7.4.30 (cli) (built: Aug 2 2022 22:27:01) ( NTS ) Copyright (c) The PHP Group Zend Engine v3.4.0, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies //配置php-fpm [root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y [root@localhost php-7.4.30]# cd sapi/ [root@localhost sapi]# cd fpm/ [root@localhost fpm]# file init.d.php-fpm init.d.php-fpm: POSIX shell script, ASCII text executable [root@localhost fpm]# cp init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@localhost fpm]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@localhost fpm]# cd /usr/local/php7/ [root@localhost php7]# ls bin etc include lib php sbin var [root@localhost php7]# cd etc/ [root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf [root@localhost etc]# ls pear.conf php-fpm.conf php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.d [root@localhost etc]# cd php-fpm.d/ [root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls www.conf.default [root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf [root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls www.conf www.conf.default //编辑php-fpm的配置文件（/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf）： //配置fpm的相关选项为你所需要的值： [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf [root@localhost ~]# tail /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf ; files from a glob(3) pattern. This directive can be used everywhere in the ; file. ; Relative path can also be used. They will be prefixed by: ; - the global prefix if it's been set (-p argument) ; - /usr/local/php7 otherwise include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf pm.max_children = 50 //最多同时提供50个进程提供50个并发服务 pm.start_servers = 5 //启动时启动5个进程 pm.min_spare_servers = 2 //最小空闲进程数 pm.max_spare_servers = 8 //最大空闲进程数 //取消httpd.conf的注释,启动httpd的相关模块 [root@localhost php-fpm.d]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf #LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so //取消井号 #LoadModule proxy_fcgi_module modules/mod_proxy_fcgi.so //取消井号 //编写测试文件 [root@localhost ~]# rm -rf /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.html [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.php [root@localhost ~]# cat /usr/local/apache/htdocs/index.php <?php phpinfo(); ?> [root@localhost ~]# chown -R apache.apache /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ [root@localhost ~]# ll -d /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ drwxr-xr-x. 3 apache apache 39 Aug 2 22:45 /usr/local/apache/htdocs/ //配置虚拟主机 [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf //在配置文件的最后加入以下内容 <VirtualHost *:80> DocumentRoot "/usr/local/apache/htdocs" ServerName www.zxr.com ProxyRequests Off ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*.php)$ fcgi://127.0.0.1:9000/usr/local/apache/htdocs/$1 <Directory "/usr/local/apache/htdocs"> Options none AllowOverride none Require all granted </Directory> </VirtualHost> [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf //搜索ADDType,添加以下内容 AddType application/x-compress .Z AddType application/x-gzip .gz .tgz AddType application/x-httpd-php .php //添加此行 AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps //添加此行 //启动php httpd [root@localhost local]# service php-fpm start Starting php-fpm done [root@localhost ~]# service php-fpm --full-restart Gracefully shutting down php-fpm . done Starting php-fpm done [root@localhost local]# systemctl restart httpd [root@localhost local]# ss -anlt State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:* 3.4 查看结果
编译安装php报错
Package 'sqlite3', required by 'virtual:world', not found //解决方法 [root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install libsqlite3x-devel Package 'libzip', required by 'virtual:world', not found //解决方法 [root@localhost ~]# dnf -y install libzip-devel 
