第二阶段：高级核心基础知识·第1章Linux三剑客·1

1.用vmware添加一块10G的硬盘，且永久挂载到/data01中，写出详细的步骤

2.用自己语言描述raid0和raid1的区别

RAID 0:  将两个或以上相同信号，容量的硬盘组合，磁盘阵列的总容量是多个硬盘的总和，数据依次写  入物理磁盘，理想状态下，硬盘读写性能会翻倍。但只要坏一块磁盘，所有数据都会损坏  优点：速度快  缺点：冗余差     RAID 1:  RAID 1 技术，是将两块以上硬盘绑定，数据写入时，同时写入多个硬盘，因此即使有硬盘故障，也有数据备份。  优点：冗余性好  缺点：浪费资源 

3.sed删除文件的空白和注释行

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat test.txt  I am oldboy teacher           I teach linux.  #I like python.     My qq is 877348180.        My name is chaoge.  #My website is http://pythonav.cn     [root@vm-main luffty]# cat test.txt | sed  '/^$/d' | sed '/^#/d'  I am oldboy teacher  I teach linux.  My qq is 877348180.  My name is chaoge.  [root@vm-main luffty]# sed -e '/^$/d' -e '/^#/d' test.txt  I am oldboy teacher  I teach linux.  My qq is 877348180.  My name is chaoge. 

4.使用awk删除文件chaoge.txt空白行

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat test.txt | awk '!/^$/{print $0}'  I am oldboy teacher  I teach linux.  #I like python.  My qq is 877348180.  My name is chaoge.  #My website is http://pythonav.cn 

5.把命令echo "I am oldboy" 的结果写入"黑洞文件中"，且命令的标准错误输出，也当做标准输出处理

echo  "I am oldboy" > /dev/null 2>&1 

6.利用{}符号备份/etc/hosts文件

[root@vm-main luffty]# cp /etc/hosts{,.bak}  [root@vm-main luffty]# ll /etc/ | grep hosts  -rw-r--r--.  1 root root    158 Jun  7  2013 hosts  -rw-r--r--.  1 root root    370 Jun  7  2013 hosts.allow  -rw-r--r--  1 root root    158 Sep 28 04:26 hosts.bak  -rw-r--r--.  1 root root    460 Jun  7  2013 hosts.deny  [root@vm-main luffty]# 

7.过滤掉文件chaoge.txt的注释和空白行

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat test.txt | grep -Ev '(^$|^#)'  I am oldboy teacher  I teach linux.  My qq is 877348180.  My name is chaoge.  [root@vm-main luffty]# cat test.txt  | grep -v '^$' | grep -v '^#'  I am oldboy teacher  I teach linux.  My qq is 877348180.  My name is chaoge. 

8. 找出除了小写字母以外的字符，文本如下chaoge.txt

I am oldboy teacher

I teach linux.

I like python.

My qq is 877348180.

My name is chaoge.

My website is http://pythonav.cn

[root@huahua-centos7-aliyun luffy]# cat a.txt  | sed 's/[a-z]//g' I     I  .  I  .  M   877348180.  M   .  M   ://. [root@huahua-centos7-aliyun luffy]# cat a.txt | grep -Eo '[^a-z]' 

9.使用sed输出文件chaoge.txt的2-5行内容

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat -n chaoge.txt | sed -n '2,5p'

   2  I teach linux.     3  I like python.     4  My qq is 877348180.     5  My name is chaoge. 

10.使用sed删除含有game字符的行,chaoge.txt

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat chaoge.txt  I am oldboy teacher  I teach linux.  I like python.  My qq is 877348180.  My name is chaoge.  My website is http://pythonav.cn  I like play game  [root@vm-main luffty]# cat chaoge.txt | sed '/game/d'  I am oldboy teacher  I teach linux.  I like python.  My qq is 877348180.  My name is chaoge.  My website is http://pythonav.cn 

11.使用sed替换文件chaoge.txt中，替换所有My为His，同时换掉QQ号为8888888

My name is chaoge.

I teach linux.

I like play computer game.

My qq is 877348180.

My website is http://pythonav.cn.

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat chaoge.txt2 | sed -e 's/My/His/g' -e 's/877348180/8888888/'  His name is chaoge.  I teach linux.  I like play computer game.  His qq is 8888888.  His website is http://pythonav.cn.     [root@vm-main luffty]# 

12.用sed取出ip地址

[root@vm-main luffty]# ifconfig ens33 | sed -n '2p' | sed -n 's/^.*inet//p' | sed -n 's/netmask.*$//p'   192.168.58.130 

13.用awk显示/etc/passwd文件的第一列，倒数第二列，以冒号分割。

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat /etc/passwd | awk -F ":" '{print $1":"$(NF-1)}'  root:/root  bin:/bin  daemon:/sbin  adm:/var/adm  lp:/var/spool/lpd  sync:/sbin  shutdown:/sbin  halt:/sbin  mail:/var/spool/mail  operator:/root  games:/usr/games  ftp:/var/ftp  nobody:/  systemd-network:/  dbus:/  polkitd:/  postfix:/var/spool/postfix  sshd:/var/empty/sshd  test:/home/test  abrt:/etc/abrt  saslauth:/run/saslauthd  pcp:/var/lib/pcp  mailnull:/var/spool/mqueue  smmsp:/var/spool/mqueue  apache:/usr/share/httpd  tss:/dev/null  mailman:/usr/lib/mailman              [root@vm-main luffty]# cat /etc/passwd | awk -v OFS=":" -F ":" '{print $1,$(NF-1)}'  root:/root  bin:/bin  daemon:/sbin  adm:/var/adm  lp:/var/spool/lpd  sync:/sbin  shutdown:/sbin  halt:/sbin  mail:/var/spool/mail  operator:/root  games:/usr/games  ftp:/var/ftp  nobody:/  systemd-network:/  dbus:/  polkitd:/  postfix:/var/spool/postfix  sshd:/var/empty/sshd  test:/home/test  abrt:/etc/abrt  saslauth:/run/saslauthd  pcp:/var/lib/pcp  mailnull:/var/spool/mqueue  smmsp:/var/spool/mqueue  apache:/usr/share/httpd  tss:/dev/null  mailman:/usr/lib/mailman 

14.用awk取出ip地址

[root@vm-main luffty]# ifconfig ens33 | awk 'NR==2 {print $2}'  192.168.58.130 

15.用awk找出/etc/passwd文件中禁止登录的用户

[root@vm-main luffty]# cat /etc/passwd | awk -F ":" '$NF=="/sbin/nologin"{print $1}'  bin  daemon  adm  lp  mail  operator  games  ftp  nobody  systemd-network  dbus  polkitd  postfix  sshd  abrt  saslauth  pcp  mailnull  smmsp  apache  tss  mailman