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所属分类：Web前端
案例分析：
如图所示，页面加载时有数据回填，同时实现select表单同步和图片上传，保存后上传至服务器等功能
HTML模板：
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>08.案例_个人信息修改</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <style> .form-select { width: 103px; display: inline-block; } .col-form-label { text-align: right; } .figure-img { width: 100px; height: 100px; cursor: pointer; } #upload { display: none; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <h1 class="p-5">个人设置</h1> <form class="col-6"> <div class="row mb-3"> <label class="col-form-label col-3">昵称：</label> <div class="col-9"> <input class="form-control col-9" type="text" name="nickname" /> </div> </div> <div class="row mb-3"> <label class="col-form-label col-3">籍贯：</label> <div class="col-9"> <select class="form-select col-4" name="province"> <option value="">--省--</option> </select> <select class="form-select col-4" name="city"> <option value="">--市--</option> </select> <select class="form-select col-4" name="area"> <option value="">--区--</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="row mb-3"> <label class="col-form-label col-3">头像：</label> <div class="col-9"> <input class="form-control col-9" type="hidden" name="avatar" /> <figure class="figure"> <input type="file" id="upload" /> <img src="https://yanxuan-item.nosdn.127.net/12a882699bd531a1bd428bffe1989525.jpg" alt="AJAX---个人信息案例" class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="..." /> <figcaption class="figure-caption">修改头像</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="row mb-3"> <label class="col-3"></label> <div class="col-9"> <button class="btn btn-primary">保存</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> <script src="https://unpkg.com/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios@0.27.2/dist/axios.min.js"></script> <script src="./lib/form-serialize.js"></script> </body> </html> 一.页面回填
通过获取内置个人信息进行页面回填
<script> // 前缀基地址 axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://ajax-api.itheima.net/' // 获取标签方法$ function $(id) { return document.querySelector('#' + id) } // 数据回填方法 async function getInfo() { const res = await axios.get('api/settings') const { nickname, province, city, area, avatar } = res.data.data // 昵称 $('nickname').value = nickname // 头像地址 $('avatar').src = avatar // 给头像框input进行赋值，方便后期拿取数据 $('avatarInp').value = avatar // 省数据 const provinceAll = await axios.get('api/province') $('province').innerHTML += provinceAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') $('province').value = province // 市数据 const cityAll = await axios.get('api/city?pname=' + province) $('city').innerHTML += cityAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') $('city').value = city // 区数据 const areaAll = await axios.get(`api/area?pname=${province}&cname=${city}`) $('area').innerHTML += areaAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') $('area').value = area } // 调用回填方法 getInfo() </script> 二.省市区下拉框的联动
<script> // 省数据下拉框 $('province').addEventListener('change', async () => { // 获取省下市数据 const cityAll = await axios.get('api/city?pname=' + $('province').value) // 渲染市数据 $('city').innerHTML = cityAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') // 获取市下区数据 const areaAll = await axios.get(`api/area?pname=${$('province').value}&cname=${$('city').value}`) // 渲染区数据 $('area').innerHTML = areaAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') }) $('city').addEventListener('change', async () => { const areaAll = await axios.get(`api/area?pname=${$('province').value}&cname=${$('city').value}`) $('area').innerHTML = areaAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') }) </script> 三.头像图片上传功能
<script> // 图片上传功能 $('upload').addEventListener('change', (e) => { // 非空判断 if (e.target.files.length === 0) { return } // 创建FormData接收 const fd = new FormData() // 将图片数据添加到fd中 fd.append('avatar', e.target.files[0]) // 图片上传接口 axios.post('api/file', fd).then(res => { console.log(res); $('avatar').src = res.data.data.url // 给头像框input进行赋值，方便拿取数据 $('avatarInp').value = res.data.data.url }) }) // 图片点击事件 $('avatar').addEventListener('click', () => { // 优化图片上传功能 $('upload').click() }) </script> 四.将数据上传至服务器保存
<script> // 上传点击事件 $('uploadAll').addEventListener('click', async (e) => { // 取消默认刷新操作 e.preventDefault() // 用serialize获取表单中所有内容(前面给头像框input赋值的应用) const userFormall = serialize($('userForm'), { hash: true }) try { // 执行成功,上传数据并弹出ok弹框 await axios.put('api/settings', userFormall) alert('ok') } catch (error) { alert('error') } }) </script> 五.个人经验
①省市区下拉框联动时，操作省数据联动市数据时，仍需对区数据进行联动
②给图片input框的value赋值，方便最后上传服务器时用serialize获取数据
③附完整源码
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <title>08.案例_个人信息修改</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" /> <style> .form-select { width: 103px; display: inline-block; } .col-form-label { text-align: right; } .figure-img { width: 100px; height: 100px; cursor: pointer; } #upload { display: none; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <h1 class="p-5">个人设置</h1> <form class="col-6" id="userForm"> <div class="row mb-3"> <label class="col-form-label col-3">昵称：</label> <div class="col-9"> <input class="form-control col-9" type="text" name="nickname" id="nickname" /> </div> </div> <div class="row mb-3"> <label class="col-form-label col-3">籍贯：</label> <div class="col-9"> <select class="form-select col-4" name="province" id="province"> <option value="">--省--</option> </select> <select class="form-select col-4" name="city" id="city"> <option value="">--市--</option> </select> <select class="form-select col-4" name="area" id="area"> <option value="">--区--</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="row mb-3"> <label class="col-form-label col-3">头像：</label> <div class="col-9"> <input class="form-control col-9" type="hidden" name="avatar" id="avatarInp" /> <figure class="figure"> <input type="file" id="upload" /> <img src="https://yanxuan-item.nosdn.127.net/12a882699bd531a1bd428bffe1989525.jpg" alt="AJAX---个人信息案例" class="figure-img img-fluid rounded" alt="..." id="avatar" /> <figcaption class="figure-caption" id="load">修改头像</figcaption> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="row mb-3"> <label class="col-3"></label> <div class="col-9"> <button class="btn btn-primary" id="uploadAll">保存</button> </div> </div> </form> </div> <script src="https://unpkg.com/bootstrap@5.1.3/dist/js/bootstrap.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios@0.27.2/dist/axios.min.js"></script> <script src="./lib/form-serialize.js"></script> <script> // 前缀基地址 axios.defaults.baseURL = 'http://ajax-api.itheima.net/' // 获取标签方法$ function $(id) { return document.querySelector('#' + id) } // 数据回填方法 async function getInfo() { const res = await axios.get('api/settings') const { nickname, province, city, area, avatar } = res.data.data // 昵称 $('nickname').value = nickname // 头像地址 $('avatar').src = avatar // 给头像框input进行赋值，方便后期拿取数据 $('avatarInp').value = avatar // 省数据 const provinceAll = await axios.get('api/province') $('province').innerHTML += provinceAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') $('province').value = province // 市数据 const cityAll = await axios.get('api/city?pname=' + province) $('city').innerHTML += cityAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') $('city').value = city // 区数据 const areaAll = await axios.get(`api/area?pname=${province}&cname=${city}`) $('area').innerHTML += areaAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') $('area').value = area } // 调用回填方法 getInfo() // 省数据下拉框 $('province').addEventListener('change', async () => { // 获取省下市数据 const cityAll = await axios.get('api/city?pname=' + $('province').value) // 渲染市数据 $('city').innerHTML = cityAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') // 获取市下区数据 const areaAll = await axios.get(`api/area?pname=${$('province').value}&cname=${$('city').value}`) // 渲染区数据 $('area').innerHTML = areaAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') }) $('city').addEventListener('change', async () => { const areaAll = await axios.get(`api/area?pname=${$('province').value}&cname=${$('city').value}`) $('area').innerHTML = areaAll.data.data.map(item => `<option value="${item}">${item}</option>`).join('') }) // 图片上传功能 $('upload').addEventListener('change',(e)=>{ // 非空判断 if(e.target.files.length===0){ return } // 创建FormData接收 const fd = new FormData() // 将图片数据添加到fd中 fd.append('avatar', e.target.files[0]) // 图片上传接口 axios.post('api/file',fd).then(res=>{ console.log(res); $('avatar').src = res.data.data.url // 给头像框input进行赋值，方便拿取数据 $('avatarInp').value = res.data.data.url }) }) // 图片点击事件 $('avatar').addEventListener('click',()=>{ // 优化图片上传功能 $('upload').click() }) // 上传点击事件 $('uploadAll').addEventListener('click', async (e)=>{ // 取消默认刷新操作 e.preventDefault() // 用serialize获取表单中所有内容(前面给头像框input赋值的应用) const userFormall = serialize($('userForm'),{hash:true}) try { // 执行成功,上传数据并弹出ok弹框 await axios.put('api/settings',userFormall) alert('ok') } catch (error) { alert('error') } }) </script> </body> </html> 
