- A+
目录
- 一、建造者模式(Builder Pattern)
- 二、核心接口与配置存储本质
- 三、简易QueryString配置源实现
- 四、宿主配置与应用配置
- 五、文件配置源配置更新原理
一、建造者模式
为什么提建造者模式?在阅读.NET Core源码时,时常碰到IHostBuilder,IConfigurationBuilder,ILoggerBuilder等诸如此类带Builder名称的类/接口,起初专研时那是一头愣。知识不够,勤奋来凑,在了解到Builder模式后终于理解,明白这些Builder类是用来构建相对应类的对象,用完即毁别无他用。理解建造者模式,有助于阅读源码时发现核心接口/类,将文件分类,直指堡垒。详细建造者模式可参阅此篇文章:磁悬浮快线
二、核心接口与配置存储本质
在.NET Core中读取配置是通过IConfiguration接口,它存在于Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Abstractions项目中,如下图:
IConfiguration:配置访问接口
IConfigurationProvider:配置提供者接口
IConfigurationSource:配置源接口
IConfigurationRoot:配置根接口,继承IConfiguration,维护着IConfigurationProvider集合及重新加载配置
IConfigurationBuilder:IConfigurationRoot接口实例的构造者接口
1.服务容器中IConfiguration实例注册(ConfigurationRoot)
/// <summary> /// Represents the root of an <see cref="IConfiguration"/> hierarchy. => 配置根路径 /// </summary> public interface IConfigurationRoot : IConfiguration { /// <summary> /// Force the configuration values to be reloaded from the underlying <see cref="IConfigurationProvider"/>s. => 从配置源重新加载配置 /// </summary> void Reload(); /// <summary> /// The <see cref="IConfigurationProvider"/>s for this configuration. => 依赖的配置源集合 /// </summary> IEnumerable<IConfigurationProvider> Providers { get; } }
IConfigurationRoot(继承IConfiguration)维护着一个IConfigurationProvider集合列表,也就是我们的配置源。IConfiguration实例的创建并非通过new()方式,而是由IConfigurationBuilder来构建,实现了按需加载配置源,是建造者模式的充分体现。IConfigurationBuilder上的所有操作如:
HostBuilder.ConfigureAppConfiguration((context, builder) => { builder.AddCommandLine(args); // 命令行配置源 builder.AddEnvironmentVariables(); // 环境配置源 builder.AddJsonFile("demo.json"); // json文件配置源 builder.AddInMemoryCollection(); // 内存配置源 // ... })
皆是为IConfigurationRoot.Providers做准备,最后通过Build()方法生成ConfigurationRoot实例注册到服务容器
public class HostBuilder : IHostBuilder { private HostBuilderContext _hostBuilderContext; // 配置构建 委托 private List<Action<HostBuilderContext, IConfigurationBuilder>> _configureAppConfigActions = new List<Action<HostBuilderContext, IConfigurationBuilder>>(); private IConfiguration _appConfiguration; private void BuildAppConfiguration() { IConfigurationBuilder configBuilder = new ConfigurationBuilder(); foreach (Action<HostBuilderContext, IConfigurationBuilder> buildAction in _configureAppConfigActions) { buildAction(_hostBuilderContext, configBuilder); } _appConfiguration = configBuilder.Build(); // 调用Build()创建IConfiguration 实例 ConfigurationRoot _hostBuilderContext.Configuration = _appConfiguration; } private void CreateServiceProvider() { var services = new ServiceCollection(); // register configuration as factory to make it dispose with the service provider services.AddSingleton(_ => _appConfiguration); // 注册 IConfiguration - 单例 } }
2.IConfiguration/IConfigurationSection读取配置与配置储存本质
程序中我们会通过如下方式获取配置值(当然还有绑定IOptions)
IConfiguration["key"]
IConfiguration.GetSection("key").Value
...
而IConfiguration注册的实例是ConfigurationRoot,代码如下,其索引器实现竟是倒序遍历配置源,获取配置值。原来当我们通过IConfiguration获取配置时,其实就是倒序遍历IConfigurationBuilder加载进来的配置源。
public class ConfigurationRoot : IConfigurationRoot, IDisposable { private readonly IList<IConfigurationProvider> _providers; public IEnumerable<IConfigurationProvider> Providers => _providers; public string this[string key] { get { // 倒序遍历配置源,获取到配置 就返回,这也是配置覆盖的根本原因,后添加的相同配置会覆盖前面的 for (int i = _providers.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--) { IConfigurationProvider provider = _providers[i]; if (provider.TryGet(key, out string value)) { return value; } } return null; } } }
那么配置数据是以什么形式存储的呢?在Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration项目中,提供了一个IConfigurationProvider默认实现存储抽象类ConfigurationProvider,部分代码如下
/// <summary> /// Base helper class for implementing an <see cref="IConfigurationProvider"/> /// </summary> public abstract class ConfigurationProvider : IConfigurationProvider { protected ConfigurationProvider() { Data = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); } /// <summary> /// The configuration key value pairs for this provider. /// </summary> protected IDictionary<string, string> Data { get; set; } public virtual bool TryGet(string key, out string value) => Data.TryGetValue(key, out value); /// <summary> /// 虚方法,供具体配置源重写,加载配置到 Data中 /// </summary> public virtual void Load() { } }
从上可知,所有加载到程序中的配置源,其本质还是存储在Provider里面一个类型为IDictionary<string, string> Data属性中。由此推论: 当通过IConfiguration获取配置时,就是通过各个Provider的Data读取!
三、简易QueryString配置源实现
要实现自定义的配置源,只需实现IConfigurationProvider,IConfigurationSource两个接口即可,这里通过一个QueryString格式的简易配置来演示。虫洞隧道
1.queryString.config数据格式如下
server=localhost&port=3306&datasource=demo&user=root&password=123456&charset=utf8mb4
2.实现IConfigurationSource接口(QueryStringConfiguationSource)
public class QueryStringConfiguationSource : IConfigurationSource { public QueryStringConfiguationSource(string path) { Path = path; } /// <summary> /// QueryString文件相对路径 /// </summary> public string Path { get; } public IConfigurationProvider Build(IConfigurationBuilder builder) { return new QueryStringConfigurationProvider(this); } }
3.实现IConfigurationProvider接口(QueryStringConfiguationProvider)
public class QueryStringConfigurationProvider : ConfigurationProvider { public QueryStringConfigurationProvider(QueryStringConfiguationSource source) { Source = source; } public QueryStringConfiguationSource Source { get; } /// <summary> /// 重写Load方法,将自定义的配置解析到 Data 中 /// </summary> public override void Load() { // server=localhost&port=3306&datasource=demo&user=root&password=123456&charset=utf8mb4 例子格式 string queryString = File.ReadAllText(Path.Combine(AppContext.BaseDirectory, Source.Path)); string[] arrays = queryString.Split(new[] { "&" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); // & 号分隔 foreach (var item in arrays) { string[] temps = item.Split(new[] { "=" }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); // = 号分隔 if (temps.Length != 2) continue; Data.Add(temps[0], temps[1]); } } }
4.IConfigurationBuilder配置源构建
public static class QueryStringConfigurationExtensions { /// <summary> /// 默认文件名称 queryString.config /// </summary> /// <param name="builder"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static IConfigurationBuilder AddQueryStringFile(this IConfigurationBuilder builder) => AddQueryStringFile(builder, "queryString.config"); public static IConfigurationBuilder AddQueryStringFile(this IConfigurationBuilder builder, string path) => builder.Add(new QueryStringConfiguationSource(path)); }
5.Program加载配置源
public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) => Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args) .ConfigureAppConfiguration(builder => { // 加载QueryString配置源 builder.AddQueryStringFile(); //builder.AddQueryStringFile("queryString.config"); }) .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder => { webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>(); });
至此,自定义QueryString配置源实现完成,便可通过IConfiguration接口获取值,结果如下
IConfiguration["server"] => localhost
IConfiguration["datasource"] => demo
IConfiguration["charset"] => utf8mb4
...
四、宿主配置与应用配置
.NET Core官方已默认提供了:环境变量、命令行参数,Json、Ini等配置源,不过适用场景却应有不同。不妨可分为两类:一类是宿主配置源,一类是应用配置源
1.宿主配置源
宿主配置源:供IHost宿主启动时使用的配置源。环境变量、命令行参数就可归为这类,以IHostEnvironment为例
/// <summary> /// 提供运行环境相关信息 /// </summary> public interface IHostEnvironment { string EnvironmentName { get; set; } string ApplicationName { get; set; } string ContentRootPath { get; set; } }
IHostEnvironment接口提供了当前应用运行环境相关信息,可以通过IsEnvironment()方法判断当前运行环境是Development还是Production、Staging。
public static bool IsEnvironment(this IHostEnvironment hostEnvironment, string environmentName) { if (hostEnvironment == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(hostEnvironment)); } return string.Equals(hostEnvironment.EnvironmentName, environmentName, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase); }
hostEnvironment.EnvironmentName是什么?这就得益于它注册到服务容器时所赋的值:HostBuilder
public class HostBuilder:IHostBuilder { private void CreateHostingEnvironment() { _hostingEnvironment = new HostingEnvironment() { ApplicationName = _hostConfiguration[HostDefaults.ApplicationKey], // _hostConfiguration 类型是 IConfiguration EnvironmentName = _hostConfiguration[HostDefaults.EnvironmentKey] ?? Environments.Production, // 当未配置环境时,默认Production环境,在使用vs开发启动时,lanuchSetting.json 配置了 环境变量:"ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT": "Development" ContentRootPath = ResolveContentRootPath(_hostConfiguration[HostDefaults.ContentRootKey], AppContext.BaseDirectory), }; if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(_hostingEnvironment.ApplicationName)) { // Note GetEntryAssembly returns null for the net4x console test runner. _hostingEnvironment.ApplicationName = Assembly.GetEntryAssembly()?.GetName().Name; } } }
由此可见,IHostEnvironment所提供的信息根由仍是从IConfiguration读取,而这些配置正是来自环境变量、命令行参数配置源。
2.应用配置源
应用配置源:供应用业务逻辑使用的配置源。Json、Ini、Xml以及自定义的QueryString等就可归为类。
五、文件配置源配置更新原理
对于文件配置源,.NET Core默认提供了两个抽象类:FileConfigurationSource 和 FileConfigurationProvider
public abstract class FileConfigurationProvider : ConfigurationProvider, IDisposable { private readonly IDisposable _changeTokenRegistration; public FileConfigurationProvider(FileConfigurationSource source) { if (source == null) { throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(source)); } Source = source; if (Source.ReloadOnChange && Source.FileProvider != null) { _changeTokenRegistration = ChangeToken.OnChange( // 文件改变,重新加载配置 () => Source.FileProvider.Watch(Source.Path), () => { Thread.Sleep(Source.ReloadDelay); Load(reload: true); }); } } /// <summary> /// The source settings for this provider. /// </summary> public FileConfigurationSource Source { get; } private void Load(bool reload) { IFileInfo file = Source.FileProvider?.GetFileInfo(Source.Path); if (file == null || !file.Exists) { if (Source.Optional || reload) // Always optional on reload { Data = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); // Data 被重新创建新的实例赋值了 } else { var error = new StringBuilder($"The configuration file '{Source.Path}' was not found and is not optional."); if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(file?.PhysicalPath)) { error.Append($" The physical path is '{file.PhysicalPath}'."); } HandleException(ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(new FileNotFoundException(error.ToString()))); } } else { // Always create new Data on reload to drop old keys if (reload) { Data = new Dictionary<string, string>(StringComparer.OrdinalIgnoreCase); // Data 被重新创建新的实例赋值了 } static Stream OpenRead(IFileInfo fileInfo) { if (fileInfo.PhysicalPath != null) { // The default physical file info assumes asynchronous IO which results in unnecessary overhead // especally since the configuration system is synchronous. This uses the same settings // and disables async IO. return new FileStream( fileInfo.PhysicalPath, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.Read, FileShare.ReadWrite, bufferSize: 1, FileOptions.SequentialScan); } return fileInfo.CreateReadStream(); } using Stream stream = OpenRead(file); try { Load(stream); } catch (Exception e) { HandleException(ExceptionDispatchInfo.Capture(e)); } } } public override void Load() { Load(reload: false); } public abstract void Load(Stream stream); }
所有基于文件配置源(如果要监控配置文件更新,如:appsetting.json)都应实现这个两个抽象类,尽管不懂ChangeToken是个什么东东,只需明白Provider.Data 在文件变更时被重新赋值也未尝不可。