Linux 守护进程

#include <time.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <unistd.h>  // // gcc -g -O2 -Wall -Wextra -o demo demo.c //  int main(void) {     // 创建守护进程     if (daemon(0, 0)) {         perror("daemon error");         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);     }      // 守护进程 构建文本任务     FILE * txt = fopen("demo.log", "w");     if (txt) {         fprintf(txt, "%ld, hello, 世界", time(NULL));         fclose(txt);     }      exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); }

DAEMON(3)                  Linux Programmer's Manual                 DAEMON(3)  NAME        daemon - run in the background  SYNOPSIS        #include <unistd.h>         int daemon(int nochdir, int noclose);     Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):         daemon():            Since glibc 2.21:                _DEFAULT_SOURCE            In glibc 2.19 and 2.20:                _DEFAULT_SOURCE || (_XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE < 500)            Up to and including glibc 2.19:                _BSD_SOURCE || (_XOPEN_SOURCE && _XOPEN_SOURCE < 500)  DESCRIPTION        The daemon() function is for programs wishing to detach themselves from        the controlling terminal and run in the background as system daemons.         If nochdir is zero, daemon()  changes  the  process's  current  working        directory  to  the root directory ("/"); otherwise, the current working        directory is left unchanged.         If noclose is zero, daemon() redirects standard input, standard  output        and  standard  error  to  /dev/null;  otherwise, no changes are made to        these file descriptors.  RETURN VALUE        (This function forks, and if the fork(2)  succeeds,  the  parent  calls        _exit(2),  so that further errors are seen by the child only.)  On suc‐        cess daemon() returns zero.  If an error occurs,  daemon()  returns  -1        and  sets errno to any of the errors specified for the fork(2) and set‐        sid(2).  ATTRIBUTES        For  an  explanation  of  the  terms  used   in   this   section,   see        attributes(7).         ┌──────────┬───────────────┬─────────┐        │Interface │ Attribute     │ Value   │        ├──────────┼───────────────┼─────────┤        │daemon()  │ Thread safety │ MT-Safe │        └──────────┴───────────────┴─────────┘ CONFORMING TO        Not  in POSIX.1.  A similar function appears on the BSDs.  The daemon()        function first appeared in 4.4BSD.  NOTES        The glibc implementation can also return -1 when /dev/null  exists  but        is  not  a  character device with the expected major and minor numbers.        In this case, errno need not be set.  BUGS        The GNU C library implementation of this function was taken  from  BSD,        and  does  not  employ  the  double-fork technique (i.e., fork(2), set‐        sid(2), fork(2)) that is necessary to ensure that the resulting  daemon        process  is  not  a session leader.  Instead, the resulting daemon is a        session leader.  On systems  that  follow  System  V  semantics  (e.g.,        Linux),  this  means  that  if  the daemon opens a terminal that is not        already a controlling terminal for another session, then that  terminal        will inadvertently become the controlling terminal for the daemon.  SEE ALSO        fork(2), setsid(2), daemon(7), logrotate(8)  COLOPHON        This  page  is  part of release 4.15 of the Linux man-pages project.  A        description of the project, information about reporting bugs,  and  the        latest     version     of     this    page,    can    be    found    at        https://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.  GNU                               2017-11-26                         DAEMON(3)

NAME        daemon - 运行在后台  SYNOPSIS        #include <unistd.h>         int daemon(int nochdir, int noclose);  DESCRIPTION         daemon() 函数希望运行程序脱离控制终端, 作为系统守护进程在后台运行.          如果 nochdir 是 0, daemon() 将更改当前进程工作目录到 "/" 根目录. 否则保持         不变.          如果 noclose 是 0, deamon() 将重定向 STDIN_FILENO 标准输入, STDOUT_FILENO         标准输出, STDERR_FILENO 标准错误 到 /dev/null, 否则保持不变.  RETURN VALUE          函数内部会执行 fork, 如果 fork 成功, 父进程会调用 _exit 退出. 执行成功返回 0.          发生错误时候将返回 -1, errno 的设置依赖 fork(), setsid(), daemon() 源码.

 1 /*-  2  * Copyright (c) 1990, 1993  3  *    The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.  4  *  5  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without  6  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions  7  * are met:  8  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright  9  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 10  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright 11  *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the 12  *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 13  * 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors 14  *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software 15  *    without specific prior written permission. 16  * 17  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND 18  * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE 19  * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE 20  * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE 21  * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL 22  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS 23  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) 24  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT 25  * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY 26  * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF 27  * SUCH DAMAGE. 28  */ 29  30 #if defined(LIBC_SCCS) && !defined(lint) 31 static char sccsid[] = "@(#)daemon.c    8.1 (Berkeley) 6/4/93"; 32 #endif /* LIBC_SCCS and not lint */ 33  34 #include <errno.h> 35 #include <fcntl.h> 36 #include <paths.h> 37 #include <unistd.h> 38 #include <sys/stat.h> 39  40 #include <device-nrs.h> 41 #include <not-cancel.h> 42  43 int 44 daemon (int nochdir, int noclose) 45 { 46     int fd; 47  48     switch (__fork()) { 49     case -1: 50         return (-1); 51     case 0: 52         break; 53     default: 54         _exit(0); 55     } 56  57     if (__setsid() == -1) 58         return (-1); 59  60     if (!nochdir) 61         (void)__chdir("/"); 62  63     if (!noclose) { 64         struct stat64 st; 65  66         if ((fd = __open_nocancel(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_RDWR, 0)) != -1 67             && (__builtin_expect (__fstat64 (fd, &st), 0) 68             == 0)) { 69             if (__builtin_expect (S_ISCHR (st.st_mode), 1) != 0 70 #if defined DEV_NULL_MAJOR && defined DEV_NULL_MINOR 71                 && (st.st_rdev 72                 == makedev (DEV_NULL_MAJOR, DEV_NULL_MINOR)) 73 #endif 74                 ) { 75                 (void)__dup2(fd, STDIN_FILENO); 76                 (void)__dup2(fd, STDOUT_FILENO); 77                 (void)__dup2(fd, STDERR_FILENO); 78                 if (fd > 2) 79                     (void)__close (fd); 80             } else { 81                 /* We must set an errno value since no 82                    function call actually failed.  */ 83                 __close_nocancel_nostatus (fd); 84                 __set_errno (ENODEV); 85                 return -1; 86             } 87         } else { 88             __close_nocancel_nostatus (fd); 89             return -1; 90         } 91     } 92     return (0); 93 }

// sysdeps/generic/not-cancel.h  /* By default we have none.  Map the name to the normal functions.  */ #define __open_nocancel(...)    __open (__VA_ARGS__)  #define __close_nocancel(fd)    __close (fd)

BUGS        The GNU C library implementation of this function was taken  from  BSD,        and  does  not  employ  the  double-fork technique (i.e., fork(2), set‐        sid(2), fork(2)) that is necessary to ensure that the resulting  daemon        process  is  not  a session leader.  Instead, the resulting daemon is a        session leader.  On systems  that  follow  System  V  semantics  (e.g.,        Linux),  this  means  that  if  the daemon opens a terminal that is not        already a controlling terminal for another session, then that  terminal        will inadvertently become the controlling terminal for the daemon.  BUGS          GNUC 库 这个 daemon() 函数的实现取自 BSD 源码. 没有采用两次 double fork         设置 sid 机制, 来确保生成的守护进程不是会话负责人. 相反, 这里生成的守护         进程是会话负责人 (session leader). 在遵循 System V 语义系统上, 创建的守         护进程在重新打开终端时候, 新开终端会自动成为守护进程的控制终端.

/*  * 创建守护进程  */ void daemon_service(void) {     // fork 后父进程 exit 退出, 保证子进程可以成功 setsid() 拥有一个新会话     switch (fork()) {     case -1:         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);     case 0:         break;         default:         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);     }      // 子进程创建新会话     // 执行成功后 Process ID(PID) == Process Group ID(PGID) == Session ID(SID)     if (setsid() == -1)         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);      // 二次 fork 后孙进程不再是会话组首进程, 因而孙进程无法重新打开一个新的控制终端     // 执行成功后 Process ID(PID) != Process Group ID(PGID) == Session ID(SID)     switch (fork()) {     case -1:         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);     case 0:         break;         default:         exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);     }      // 子进程设置新的工作目录是 根目录 "/", 避免存在挂载磁盘一直被占用的情况     if (chdir("/")) {}      // 子进程重置 创建文件 权限     umask(0);      // 相关句柄善后, 节省资源     fflush(stderr);     fflush(stdout);     for (int fd = sysconf(_SC_OPEN_MAX); fd >= 0; fd--)         close(fd); }