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所属分类:Web前端
1.websocket介绍
WebSocket协议是基于TCP的一种新的网络协议。它实现了浏览器与服务器全双工(full-duplex)通信——允许服务器主动发送信息给客户端。websocket 协议是在 http 协议上的一种补充协议,是 html5 的新特性,是一种持久化的协议。
2.应用场景
- 系统实时通告
- 聊天室
- ....
3.spring boot 整合(亲测有效)
(1)导入pom
<!--webSocket--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId> </dependency>
(2)websocket配置类:
package com.ruoyi.framework.config.websocked; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.socket.server.standard.ServerEndpointExporter; @Configuration public class WebSocketConfig { @Bean public ServerEndpointExporter serverEndpointExporter() { return new ServerEndpointExporter(); } }
作用:可以将带有 @ServerEndpoint 注解的 WebSocket 端点注册到应用程序中,以便能够处理 WebSocket 连接。
(3)websocket操作类:
package com.ruoyi.project.websorcked; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.websocket.*; import javax.websocket.server.PathParam; import javax.websocket.server.ServerEndpoint; import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap; import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArraySet; @Component @ServerEndpoint("/websocket/{userId}") public class WebSocketServer { /** * 日志工具 */ private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); /** * 与某个客户端的连接会话,需要通过它来给客户端发送数据 */ private Session session; /** * 用户id */ private String userId; /** * 用来存放每个客户端对应的MyWebSocket对象 */ private static CopyOnWriteArraySet<WebSocketServer> webSockets = new CopyOnWriteArraySet<>(); /** * 用来存在线连接用户信息 */ private static ConcurrentHashMap<String, Session> sessionPool = new ConcurrentHashMap<String, Session>(); /** * 链接成功调用的方法 */ @OnOpen public void onOpen(Session session, @PathParam(value = "userId") String userId) { try { this.session = session; this.userId = userId; webSockets.add(this); sessionPool.put(userId, session); logger.info("【websocket消息】有新的连接,总数为:" + webSockets.size()); } catch (Exception e) { } } /** * 链接关闭调用的方法 */ @OnClose public void onClose() { try { webSockets.remove(this); sessionPool.remove(this.userId); logger.info("【websocket消息】连接断开,总数为:" + webSockets.size()); } catch (Exception e) { } } /** * 收到客户端消息后调用的方法 */ @OnMessage public void onMessage(String message) { logger.info("【websocket消息】收到客户端消息:" + message); } /** * 发送错误时的处理 * * @param session * @param error */ @OnError public void onError(Session session, Throwable error) { logger.error("用户错误,原因:" + error.getMessage()); error.printStackTrace(); } /** * 此为广播消息 */ public static void sendAllMessage(String message) { // logger.info("【websocket消息】广播消息:" + message); System.out.println("【websocket消息】广播消息:" + message); for (WebSocketServer webSocket : webSockets) { try { if (webSocket.session.isOpen()) { webSocket.session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 此为单点消息 */ public void sendOneMessage(String userId, String message) { Session session = sessionPool.get(userId); if (session != null && session.isOpen()) { try { logger.info("【websocket消息】 单点消息:" + message); session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } /** * 此为单点消息(多人) */ public void sendMoreMessage(String[] userIds, String message) { for (String userId : userIds) { Session session = sessionPool.get(userId); if (session != null && session.isOpen()) { try { logger.info("【websocket消息】 单点消息:" + message); session.getAsyncRemote().sendText(message); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
说明
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(1)@ServerEndpoint(“/websocket/{userId}”) 前端通过此 URI 和后端交互,建立连接
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(2)@Component 不用说将此类交给 spring 管理
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(3)@OnOpen websocket 建立连接的注解,前端触发上面 URI 时会进入此注解标注的方法
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(4)@OnMessage 收到前端传来的消息后执行的方法
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(5)@OnClose 顾名思义关闭连接,销毁 session
(4)前端样例:
var userId = "your_user_id"; // 替换为实际的用户 ID var socket = new WebSocket("ws://your_server_address/websocket/" + userId); socket.onopen = function(event) { // WebSocket 连接已打开 }; socket.onmessage = function(event) { // 收到来自服务器的消息 var message = event.data; console.log("Received message: " + message); }; socket.onclose = function(event) { // WebSocket 连接已关闭 };
(5)前端demo:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>websocket通讯</title> </head> <body> <p>【socket开启者的ID信息】:<div><input id="userId" name="userId" type="text" value="10"></div> <p>【客户端向服务器发送的内容】:<div><input id="toUserId" name="toUserId" type="text" value="20"> <input id="contentText" name="contentText" type="text" value="hello websocket"></div> <p>【操作】:<button><a onclick="openSocket()">开启socket</a></button> <p>【操作】:<button><a onclick="sendMessage()">发送消息</a></button> <p>【操作】:<button><a onclick="getMessage()">获取后台广播消息</a></button> </body> <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js"></script> <script> let socket; function openSocket() { const socketUrl = "ws://localhost:80/websocket"; console.log(socketUrl); if(socket!=null){ socket.close(); socket=null; } socket = new WebSocket(socketUrl); //打开事件 socket.onopen = function() { console.log("websocket已打开"); }; //获得消息事件 socket.onmessage = function(msg) { console.log(msg.data); //发现消息进入,开始处理前端触发逻辑 }; //关闭事件 socket.onclose = function() { console.log("websocket已关闭"); }; //发生了错误事件 socket.onerror = function() { console.log("websocket发生了错误"); } } $(function (){ openSocket(); }) function sendMessage() { socket.send('{"toUserId":"'+$("#toUserId").val()+'","contentText":"'+$("#contentText").val()+'"}'); console.log('{"toUserId":"'+$("#toUserId").val()+'","contentText":"'+$("#contentText").val()+'"}'); } function getMessage(){ $.ajax({ url: '/api/v1/websocket/sendTestMessage', type: 'get', data: { message: '9' }, success: function (data) { alert("已成功发送~") } }); //获得消息事件 // socket.onmessage = function(msg) { // console.log(msg.data); // //发现消息进入,开始处理前端触发逻辑 // }; } </script> </html>
(6)效果图:
(7)通过后端接口发送消息到客户端,客户端成功接收:
代码如下
package com.ruoyi.project.websorcked; import com.ruoyi.framework.web.domain.AjaxResult; import io.swagger.annotations.Api; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "/api/v1/websocket") @Api(tags = "websocket接口", value = "AlarmDpController") public class WebSocketController { @Autowired private WebSocketServer webSocketServer; /** * 模拟数据发送 */ @ApiOperation(value = "模拟数据发送", notes = "模拟数据发送") @ApiImplicitParams({ @ApiImplicitParam(paramType = "query", name = "message", value = "模拟消息", required = true, dataType = "String"), }) @RequestMapping(value = "/sendTestMessage", method = RequestMethod.GET) public AjaxResult sendTestMessage(@RequestParam("message")String message) { AjaxResult ajaxJson = new AjaxResult(); try { webSocketServer.sendAllMessage(message); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); // return AjaxJson.returnExceptionInfo(LoitStatusMsg.LOIT_USER_LOGIN_FAIL); } return ajaxJson; } }
4.遇到的问题
(1) websocket发送连接请求到服务端,报错Filed
解决如下,因为我使用的是若依的项目,使用的安全框架为shiro,在shiro的config类中添加白名单放行