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所属分类：.NET技术
SerialPort类
微软在.NET中对串口通讯进行了封装，我们可以在.net2.0及以上版本开发时直接使用SerialPort类对串口进行读写操作。
为操作方便，本文对SerialPort类做了一些封装，暂时取名为SerialPortClient。
SerialPort类的属性主要包括：
- 串口名称（PortName）
- 波特率（BaudRate）
- 数据位 DataBits
- 停止位 StopBits
- 奇偶校验 Parity
SerialPort类的事件主要包括：
- DataReceived：用于异步接收串口数据事件
- ErrorReceived：错误处理事件
SerialPort类的方法主要包括：Open();Close();Read();Write()、DiscardInBuffer()、DiscardOutBuffer()等
参数封装
波特率、数据位这些参数不是系统内置的枚举类型，为方便实际操作需构造波特率、数据位这两个枚举对象。
#region 波特率、数据位的枚举 /// <summary> /// 串口数据位列表（5,6,7,8） /// </summary> public enum DataBits : int { Five = 5, Six = 6, Sevent = 7, Eight = 8 } /// <summary> /// 串口波特率列表。 /// 75,110,150,300,600,1200,2400,4800,9600,14400,19200,28800,38400,56000,57600, /// 115200,128000,230400,256000 /// </summary> public enum BaudRates : int { BR_75 = 75, BR_110 = 110, BR_150 = 150, BR_300 = 300, BR_600 = 600, BR_1200 = 1200, BR_2400 = 2400, BR_4800 = 4800, BR_9600 = 9600, BR_14400 = 14400, BR_19200 = 19200, BR_28800 = 28800, BR_38400 = 38400, BR_56000 = 56000, BR_57600 = 57600, BR_115200 = 115200, BR_128000 = 128000, BR_230400 = 230400, BR_256000 = 256000 } #endregion 控件操作封装
对常用的参数下拉列表绑定做一个封装，该操作为封装类的静态方法。
为兼容第三方控件使用IList接口，不直接使用ComboBox类型作为参数。
#region 静态方法 /// <summary> /// 设置串口号 /// </summary> /// <param name="obj">需要绑定的项的集合（如：ComboBox中项的集合ComboBox.Items）</param> public static void SetPortNameValues(IList obj) { obj.Clear(); try { foreach (string str in SerialPort.GetPortNames()) { obj.Add(str); } } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine("未能查询到串口名称——"+e.ToString()); } } /// <summary> /// 设置波特率 /// </summary> /// <param name="obj">需要绑定的项的集合（如：ComboBox中项的集合ComboBox.Items）</param> public static void SetBauRateValues(IList obj) { obj.Clear(); foreach (BaudRates rate in Enum.GetValues(typeof(BaudRates))) { obj.Add(((int)rate).ToString()); } } /// <summary> /// 设置数据位 /// </summary> /// <param name="obj">需要绑定的项的集合（如：ComboBox中项的集合ComboBox.Items）</param> public static void SetDataBitsValues(IList obj) { obj.Clear(); foreach (DataBits databit in Enum.GetValues(typeof(DataBits))) { obj.Add(((int)databit).ToString()); } } /// <summary> /// 设置校验位列表 /// </summary> /// <param name="obj">需要绑定的项的集合（如：ComboBox中项的集合ComboBox.Items）</param> public static void SetParityValues(IList obj) { obj.Clear(); foreach (string str in Enum.GetNames(typeof(Parity))) { obj.Add(str); } } /// <summary> /// 设置停止位 /// </summary> /// <param name="obj">需要绑定的项的集合（如：ComboBox中项的集合ComboBox.Items）</param> public static void SetStopBitValues(IList obj) { obj.Clear(); foreach (string str in Enum.GetNames(typeof(StopBits))) { obj.Add(str); } } #endregion SerialPortClient类实现
该部分代码是SerialPortClient类非静态操作部分的实现，完整的类实现需要加上上面的控件操作封装的实现代码，具体请参照Demo源码。
#region 变量属性 public event Action<List<byte>> DataReceived; public event SerialErrorReceivedEventHandler ErrorReceived; private SerialPort comPort = new SerialPort(); private string portName = "COM1";//串口号，默认COM1 private BaudRates baudRate = BaudRates.BR_9600;//波特率 private Parity parity = Parity.None;//校验位 private StopBits stopBits = StopBits.One;//停止位 private DataBits dataBits = DataBits.Eight;//数据位 /// <summary> /// 串口号 /// </summary> public string PortName { get { return portName; } set { portName = value; } } /// <summary> /// 波特率 /// </summary> public BaudRates BaudRate { get { return baudRate; } set { baudRate = value; } } /// <summary> /// 奇偶校验位 /// </summary> public Parity Parity { get { return parity; } set { parity = value; } } /// <summary> /// 数据位 /// </summary> public DataBits DataBits { get { return dataBits; } set { dataBits = value; } } /// <summary> /// 停止位 /// </summary> public StopBits StopBits { get { return stopBits; } set { stopBits = value; } } #endregion #region 构造函数 /// <summary> /// 无参构造函数 /// </summary> public SerialPortClient() { BoundEvents(); } void BoundEvents() { comPort.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(comPort_DataReceived); comPort.ErrorReceived += new SerialErrorReceivedEventHandler(comPort_ErrorReceived); } /// <summary> /// 参数构造函数（使用枚举参数构造） /// </summary> /// <param name="baud">波特率</param> /// <param name="par">奇偶校验位</param> /// <param name="sBits">停止位</param> /// <param name="dBits">数据位</param> /// <param name="name">串口号</param> public SerialPortClient(string name, BaudRates baud, Parity par, DataBits dBits, StopBits sBits) { this.portName = name; this.baudRate = baud; this.parity = par; this.dataBits = dBits; this.stopBits = sBits; BoundEvents(); } /// <summary> /// 参数构造函数（使用字符串参数构造） /// </summary> /// <param name="baud">波特率</param> /// <param name="par">奇偶校验位</param> /// <param name="sBits">停止位</param> /// <param name="dBits">数据位</param> /// <param name="name">串口号</param> public SerialPortClient(string name, string baud, string par, string dBits, string sBits) { this.portName = name; this.baudRate = (BaudRates)Enum.Parse(typeof(BaudRates), baud); this.parity = (Parity)Enum.Parse(typeof(Parity), par); this.dataBits = (DataBits)Enum.Parse(typeof(DataBits), dBits); this.stopBits = (StopBits)Enum.Parse(typeof(StopBits), sBits); BoundEvents(); } #endregion #region 事件处理函数 /// <summary> /// 数据仓库 /// </summary> List<byte> datapool = new List<byte>();//存放接收的所有字节 /// <summary> /// 数据接收处理 /// </summary> void comPort_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e) { if (comPort.IsOpen) //判断是否打开串口 { Byte[] receivedData = new Byte[comPort.BytesToRead]; //创建接收字节数组 comPort.Read(receivedData, 0, receivedData.Length); //读取数据 //触发整条记录的处理 if (DataReceived != null) { datapool.AddRange(receivedData); DataReceived(datapool); } } else { Console.WriteLine("请打开某个串口", "Error"); } } /// <summary> /// 错误处理函数 /// </summary> void comPort_ErrorReceived(object sender, SerialErrorReceivedEventArgs e) { if (ErrorReceived != null) { ErrorReceived(sender, e); } } #endregion #region 串口关闭/打开 /// <summary> /// 端口是否已经打开 /// </summary> public bool IsOpen { get { return comPort.IsOpen; } } /// <summary> /// 打开端口 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public void Open() { if (comPort.IsOpen) comPort.Close(); comPort.PortName = portName; comPort.BaudRate = (int)baudRate; comPort.Parity = parity; comPort.DataBits = (int)dataBits; comPort.StopBits = stopBits; comPort.Open(); } /// <summary> /// 关闭端口 /// </summary> public void Close() { if (comPort.IsOpen) comPort.Close(); } /// <summary> /// 丢弃来自串行驱动程序的接收和发送缓冲区的数据 /// </summary> public void DiscardBuffer() { comPort.DiscardInBuffer(); comPort.DiscardOutBuffer(); } #endregion #region 写入数据 /// <summary> /// 写入数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="buffer"></param> public void Write(byte[] buffer, int offset, int count) { if (!(comPort.IsOpen)) comPort.Open(); comPort.Write(buffer,offset, count); } /// <summary> /// 写入数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="buffer">写入端口的字节数组</param> public void Write(byte[] buffer) { if (!(comPort.IsOpen)) comPort.Open(); comPort.Write(buffer, 0, buffer.Length); } #endregion SerialPortClient类使用
SerialPortClient类使用很简单，主要分为初始化下拉列表、初始化串口（绑定数据接收、错误处理事件）两步，在窗体加载事件中调用即可。代码如下：
//全局变量 SerialPortClient portClient = new SerialPortClient(); private void InitPort() { portClient.DataReceived+=new Action<List<byte>>(datapool=> { //匹配数据帧，此处以0xea 0xeb为帧头、0xfa 0xfb为帧尾 //实际通讯协议应该更复杂 while (true) { if (datapool.Count <4) break; if ((datapool[0] == 0xea) && (datapool[0] == 0xeb)) { datapool.RemoveAt(0); continue; } int index = -1;//正确作法是记住上次最末尾的索引，避免重复匹配 for (int i = 0; i < datapool.Count-1; i++) { if (datapool[i] == 0xfa && datapool[i + 1] == 0xfb) { index = i; break; } } if (index != -1) { byte[] data = datapool.GetRange(0, index + 2).ToArray(); datapool.RemoveRange(0, index + 2); string msg = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data,2,data.Length-4); this.BeginInvoke(new Action(() => { textBox_Recive.Text = msg; })); } else break; } }); } private void InitCmb() { //绑定端口号 SerialPortClient.SetPortNameValues(comboBox_Com.Items); comboBox_Com.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList; comboBox_Com.SelectedIndexChanged += new EventHandler((obj, e) => { if (comboBox_Com.SelectedItem!=null) { portClient.PortName = comboBox_Com.SelectedItem.ToString(); } }); comboBox_Com.SelectedIndex = 0; //波特率 SerialPortClient.SetBauRateValues(comboBox_BaudRates.Items); comboBox_BaudRates.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList; comboBox_BaudRates.SelectedIndexChanged += new EventHandler((obj, e) => { if (comboBox_BaudRates.SelectedItem != null) { portClient.BaudRate = (BaudRates)Enum.Parse(typeof(BaudRates), comboBox_BaudRates.SelectedItem.ToString()); } }); comboBox_BaudRates.SelectedIndex = 9; //数据位 SerialPortClient.SetDataBitsValues(comboBox_DataBits.Items); comboBox_DataBits.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList; comboBox_DataBits.SelectedIndexChanged += new EventHandler((obj, e) => { if (comboBox_DataBits.SelectedItem != null) { portClient.DataBits = (DataBits)Enum.Parse(typeof(DataBits), comboBox_DataBits.SelectedItem.ToString()); } }); comboBox_DataBits.SelectedIndex = 3; //校验位 SerialPortClient.SetParityValues(comboBox_Parity.Items); comboBox_Parity.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList; comboBox_Parity.SelectedIndexChanged += new EventHandler((obj, e) => { if (comboBox_Parity.SelectedItem != null) { portClient.Parity = (Parity)Enum.Parse(typeof(Parity), comboBox_Parity.SelectedItem.ToString()); } }); comboBox_Parity.SelectedIndex = 0; //停止位 SerialPortClient.SetStopBitValues(comboBox_StopBits.Items); comboBox_StopBits.DropDownStyle = ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList; comboBox_StopBits.SelectedIndexChanged += new EventHandler((obj, e) => { if (comboBox_StopBits.SelectedItem != null) { portClient.StopBits = (StopBits)Enum.Parse(typeof(StopBits), comboBox_StopBits.SelectedItem.ToString()); } }); comboBox_StopBits.SelectedIndex = 1; } 串口的打开、关闭、状态显示等操作请查看文章末尾的Demo源码。
测试Demo
Demo下载：https://files-cdn.cnblogs.com/files/timefiles/SerialPortDemo.rar
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