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所属分类：linux技术
1：在离线的环境中导入镜像
在无法访问外网的情况下，通过将docker镜像导出为一个包，然后导入到另外的一台计算机上面，从而实现了不用访问外网就能拉取镜像了
#将镜像输出到这个tar包 [root@cleint ~]# docker save -o centos.tar centos #通过第三方的工具将这个tar包传输到其他机器上面，然后进行导入 [root@cleint ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE [root@cleint ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg centos.tar docker-hello project qcy-centos [root@cleint ~]# docker load -i centos.tar Loaded image: centos:latest [root@cleint ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB #因此实现了不能访问外网的情况下，拉取镜像了
2：使用dockercommit命令基于容器构建镜像
有一个容器做成了web页面，所有的虚拟机都想要这个web页面的功能，直接基于这个提供web页面的容器做成一个镜像，然后虚拟机直接基于这个web容器镜像构建一个容器，从而提供了web页面
#搭建一个提供web页面的容器 [root@cleint ~]# docker run -tid --name 8080-nginx -p 8080:80 nginx /bin/bash a9161cf2c12713f4ec492b2e9c32aa75d1c8556457db07f33689282adcaf4d9c #进行访问 [root@cleint ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:8080 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> html { color-scheme: light dark; } body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> #基于这个容器做成一个镜像 [root@cleint ~]# docker commit 8080-nginx web-nginx sha256:c072b790098d75f0082adb87b0abc0d9757c4db74f1ce9018854cae7ae22dccf [root@cleint ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE web-nginx latest c072b790098d 3 seconds ago 187MB nginx latest 92b11f67642b 6 weeks ago 187MB centos latest 5d0da3dc9764 2 years ago 231MB [root@cleint ~]# docker run -tid --name q1 -p 7777:80 web-nginx /bin/bash a66b1611c6cea9276f904f5fb410f632d325066939c72e221906e6607f0ef3b8 [root@cleint ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES a66b1611c6ce web-nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:7777->80/tcp, :::7777->80/tcp q1 a9161cf2c127 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 3 minutes ago Up 3 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp 8080-nginx #进入这个容器里面，需要打开这个容器的服务nginx #进行访问 [root@cleint ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:7777 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> html { color-scheme: light dark; } body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html> #从而实现了基于这个已有的容器做成一个镜像，然后再来生成一个容器，这个容器会保留之前所做的一些操作
3：使用第三方容器仓库
使用第三方的仓库，进行上传镜像，下载镜像
这个非常的遍历，就是使用这个仓库的话，因为网络的容器仓库有的属于国外的，所以的话拉取镜像的速度就比较的慢，需要自己的仓库即可
操作步骤：
#登录第三方的容器仓库 docker login uhub.service.ucloud.cn username 邮箱 password 密码 #对于要推送的镜像打上标签，只有标签是一致的，才能实现上传 #格式为 uhub.service.ucloud.cn这个 docker tag centos:latest uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest #然后拉取镜像，从镜像仓库里面进行拉取 [root@cleint yum.repos.d]# docker pull uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest latest: Pulling from admins/centos Digest: sha256:a1801b843b1bfaf77c501e7a6d3f709401a1e0c83863037fa3aab063a7fdb9dc Status: Downloaded newer image for uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest uhub.service.ucloud.cn/admins/centos:latest #查看容器镜像仓库 可以使用skopeo这个命令进行查看远程的容器仓库
4：使用docker build命令基于dockerfile构建镜像
案例：使用dockerfile来构建一个镜像，然后里面有nginx.repo源，然后进行访问即可
#首先创建一个nginx.repo文件 #创建一个dockerfile文件 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# ls dockerfile nginx.repo [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# pwd /root/dockerfile-test [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# cat dockerfile FROM centos RUN rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo COPY ./nginx.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/ RUN yum clean all && yum makecache RUN yum -y install nginx RUN echo "Hello this is nginx server" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html EXPOSE 80 CMD ["nginx","-g","daemon off;"] [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# cat nginx.repo [nginx] name=nginx baseurl=http://nginx.org/packages/centos/$releasever/$basearch gpgcheck=0 enabled=1 #然后使用dockerfile来创建一个镜像 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker build -t centos-nginx . #创建一个容器 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker run -tid --name c1 -p 8080:80 centos-nginx 110106833b9569158312a08a32898da18af450d93ab135c080a23337486c06b1 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 110106833b95 centos-nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 2 seconds ago Up 1 second 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp c1 #访问 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# curl 0.0.0.0:8080 Hello this is nginx server
5：当容器内部无法进行上网的操作
yum -y install autoconf yum -y install gcc wget http://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/net/bridge-utils/bridge-utils-1.6.tar.gz tar -xvf bridge-utils-1.6.tar.gz cd bridge-utils-1.6/ autoconf ./configure make make install systemctl stop docker ip link set dev docker0 down brctl delbr docker0 systemctl restart docker
6：创建一个自定义的桥接网络
网段为192.168.107.0/24 网关为192.168.107.254
[root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.107.0/24 --gateway 192.168.107.254 n1 8aec3d57d238b34eb6e0cb31b71775511bddfefebe8f87cb309150909c1fc646 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker network ls NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE d1ea2ab3dab8 bridge bridge local 5f3fcf22894d host host local 8aec3d57d238 n1 bridge local b99add30e794 none null local [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker inspect n1 [ { "Name": "n1", "Id": "8aec3d57d238b34eb6e0cb31b71775511bddfefebe8f87cb309150909c1fc646", "Created": "2024-04-23T20:06:37.31247228+08:00", "Scope": "local", "Driver": "bridge", "EnableIPv6": false, "IPAM": { "Driver": "default", "Options": {}, "Config": [ { "Subnet": "192.168.107.0/24", "Gateway": "192.168.107.254" } ] }, "Internal": false, "Attachable": false, "Ingress": false, "ConfigFrom": { "Network": "" }, "ConfigOnly": false, "Containers": {}, "Options": {}, "Labels": {} } ] #创建一个容器，连接到这个n1的桥接网卡上面 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker run -tid --name q1 --network n1 centos /bin/bash d098c15e25afd7d39a672f8193a658249016cfecd3e62f309cae4c7a317b94a9 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES d098c15e25af centos "/bin/bash" 3 seconds ago Up 2 seconds q1 110106833b95 centos-nginx "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 6 minutes ago Up 6 minutes 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp c1 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker exec -ti q1 /bin/bash [root@d098c15e25af /]# ping www.baidu.com PING www.a.shifen.com (183.2.172.42) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 183.2.172.42 (183.2.172.42): icmp_seq=1 ttl=127 time=48.10 ms ^C --- www.a.shifen.com ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 48.952/48.952/48.952/0.000 ms #查看容器的ip信息 [root@cleint dockerfile-test]# docker inspect q1 | grep -i address "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "", "SecondaryIPAddresses": null, "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null, "GlobalIPv6Address": "", "IPAddress": "", "MacAddress": "", "MacAddress": "02:42:c0:a8:6b:01", "IPAddress": "192.168.107.1", "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
