虚拟化技术之kvm管理工具virsh常用基础命令(二)

  • A+
所属分类:linux技术
摘要

  上一篇博客我们主要聊了下virsh 管理kvm虚拟机的命令相关用法和说明,回顾请参考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/13508231.html;今天我们来继续说virsh 管理kvm虚拟机的话题;

  上一篇博客我们主要聊了下virsh 管理kvm虚拟机的命令相关用法和说明,回顾请参考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/13508231.html;今天我们来继续说virsh 管理kvm虚拟机的话题;

  1、virsh 监控kvm虚拟机相关命令

  virsh domblklist:列出指定虚拟机上的磁盘信息

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help domblklist   NAME     domblklist - 列出所有域块    SYNOPSIS     domblklist <domain> [--inactive] [--details]    DESCRIPTION     获取域块设备小结    OPTIONS     [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid     --inactive       获取不活跃而不是运行的配置     --details        type 和 device 值的附加显示   [root@node1 ~]# virsh list --all  Id    名称                         状态 ----------------------------------------------------  3     centos7.0                      running  4     c2                             running  6     generic                        running  [root@node1 ~]# virsh domblklist c2 目标     源 ------------------------------------------------ vda        /kvm/images/c2.qcow2 hda        -  [root@node1 ~]# virsh domblklist generic  目标     源 ------------------------------------------------ hda        /kvm/images/cirros-0.5.0-x86_64-disk.img  [root@node1 ~]#  

  virsh domiflist:列出指定虚拟机上的所有网卡

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help domiflist   NAME     domiflist - 列出所有域虚拟接口    SYNOPSIS     domiflist <domain> [--inactive]    DESCRIPTION     获取域虚拟接口小结    OPTIONS     [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid     --inactive       获取不活跃而不是运行的配置   [root@node1 ~]# virsh domiflist generic  接口     类型     源        型号      MAC ------------------------------------------------------- vnet2      network    default    rtl8139     52:54:00:3e:3f:71  [root@node1 ~]# virsh domiflist centos7.0  接口     类型     源        型号      MAC ------------------------------------------------------- vnet0      network    default    virtio      52:54:00:e3:8d:11  [root@node1 ~]# ifconfig ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.0.41  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255         inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9a:dbd6  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>         ether 00:0c:29:9a:db:d6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 113557  bytes 34709850 (33.1 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 111108  bytes 27361452 (26.0 MiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>         loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)         RX packets 132700  bytes 348628216 (332.4 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 132700  bytes 348628216 (332.4 MiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  virbr0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255         ether 52:54:00:45:06:15  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 2042  bytes 130515 (127.4 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 1028  bytes 83137 (81.1 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  vnet0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fee3:8d11  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>         ether fe:54:00:e3:8d:11  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 571  bytes 46596 (45.5 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 11055  bytes 593226 (579.3 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  vnet1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fee3:8521  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>         ether fe:54:00:e3:85:21  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 314  bytes 24074 (23.5 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 6210  bytes 333740 (325.9 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 4072 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  vnet2: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500         inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fe3e:3f71  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>         ether fe:54:00:3e:3f:71  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 741  bytes 56211 (54.8 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 4711  bytes 248155 (242.3 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  [root@node1 ~]#  

  提示:从上面的信息可以看到kvm虚拟机上的网卡都对应在宿主机上的一个虚拟网卡 ;

  virsh domifaddr:获取指定虚拟机上的ip地址

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help domifaddr   NAME     domifaddr - Get network interfaces' addresses for a running domain    SYNOPSIS     domifaddr <domain> [--interface <string>] [--full] [--source <string>]    DESCRIPTION     Get network interfaces' addresses for a running domain    OPTIONS     [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid     --interface <string>  network interface name     --full           always display names and MACs of interfaces     --source <string>  address source: 'lease', 'agent', or 'arp'   [root@node1 ~]# virsh domifaddr c2             名称     MAC 地址           Protocol     Address -------------------------------------------------------------------------------  vnet1      52:54:00:e3:85:21    ipv4         192.168.122.168/24  [root@node1 ~]# virsh domifaddr centos7.0   名称     MAC 地址           Protocol     Address -------------------------------------------------------------------------------  vnet0      52:54:00:e3:8d:11    ipv4         192.168.122.222/24  [root@node1 ~]# virsh domifaddr generic   名称     MAC 地址           Protocol     Address -------------------------------------------------------------------------------  vnet2      52:54:00:3e:3f:71    ipv4         192.168.122.4/24  [root@node1 ~]#  

  virsh domifstat:统计指定虚拟机上的网卡状态信息

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help domifstat   NAME     domifstat - 获得域网络接口状态    SYNOPSIS     domifstat <domain> <interface>    DESCRIPTION     获得运行域的网络接口状态。    OPTIONS     [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid     [--interface] <string>  interface device specified by name or MAC Address   [root@node1 ~]# virsh domiflist c2 接口     类型     源        型号      MAC ------------------------------------------------------- vnet1      network    default    virtio      52:54:00:e3:85:21  [root@node1 ~]# virsh  domifstat c2 vnet1  vnet1 rx_bytes 345156 vnet1 rx_packets 6429 vnet1 rx_errs 0 vnet1 rx_drop 4072 vnet1 tx_bytes 24206 vnet1 tx_packets 316 vnet1 tx_errs 0 vnet1 tx_drop 0  [root@node1 ~]# 

  virsh dominfo:获取指定虚拟机的相关信息

[root@node1 ~]# virsh  help dominfo   NAME     dominfo - 域信息    SYNOPSIS     dominfo <domain>    DESCRIPTION     返回这个域的基本信息。    OPTIONS     [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid   [root@node1 ~]# virsh dominfo c2 Id:             4 名称:       c2 UUID:           10d61aa8-b0fa-4433-a733-00a8721bee01 OS 类型:    hvm 状态:       running CPU:          2 CPU 时间:   188.1s 最大内存: 2097152 KiB 使用的内存: 2097152 KiB 持久:       是 自动启动: 禁用 管理的保存: 否 安全性模式: none 安全性 DOI: 0  [root@node1 ~]#  

  virsh dommemstat:获取指定虚拟机内存相关状态信息

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help dommemstat   NAME     dommemstat - 获取域的内存统计    SYNOPSIS     dommemstat <domain> [--period <number>] [--config] [--live] [--current]    DESCRIPTION     获取运行域的内存统计    OPTIONS     [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid     --period <number>  以秒为单位设定集合期限     --config         影响下一次引导     --live           影响运行的域     --current        影响当前域   [root@node1 ~]# virsh  dommemstat c2  actual 2097152 swap_in 0 swap_out 0 major_fault 201 minor_fault 176924 unused 1761832 available 1883456 last_update 1597490486 rss 455384  [root@node1 ~]# virsh  dommemstat centos7.0  actual 2097152 swap_in 0 swap_out 0 major_fault 179 minor_fault 169193 unused 1761272 available 1883456 last_update 1597480749 rss 560324  [root@node1 ~]#  

  virsh domstate:获取指定虚拟机的状态信息

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help domstate   NAME     domstate - 域状态    SYNOPSIS     domstate <domain> [--reason]    DESCRIPTION     返回某个域的状态。    OPTIONS     [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid     --reason         同时输出状态原因   [root@node1 ~]# virsh  domstate centos7.0  running  [root@node1 ~]# virsh  domstate centos7.0 --reason  running (已引导)  [root@node1 ~]#  

  virsh domstats:显示指定虚拟机的详细状态信息,如果不知道虚拟机表示显示当前宿主机上的所有虚拟机的详细状态信息

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help domstats   NAME     domstats - get statistics about one or multiple domains    SYNOPSIS     domstats [--state] [--cpu-total] [--balloon] [--vcpu] [--interface] [--block] [--perf] [--list-active] [--list-inactive] [--list-persistent] [--list-transient] [--list-running] [--list-paused] [--list-shutoff] [--list-other] [--raw] [--enforce] [--backing] [--nowait] [<domain>]...    DESCRIPTION     Gets statistics about one or more (or all) domains    OPTIONS     --state          report domain state     --cpu-total      report domain physical cpu usage     --balloon        report domain balloon statistics     --vcpu           report domain virtual cpu information     --interface      report domain network interface information     --block          report domain block device statistics     --perf           report domain perf event statistics     --list-active    list only active domains     --list-inactive  list only inactive domains     --list-persistent  list only persistent domains     --list-transient  list only transient domains     --list-running   list only running domains     --list-paused    list only paused domains     --list-shutoff   list only shutoff domains     --list-other     list only domains in other states     --raw            do not pretty-print the fields     --enforce        enforce requested stats parameters     --backing        add backing chain information to block stats     --nowait         report only stats that are accessible instantly     <domain>         list of domains to get stats for   [root@node1 ~]# virsh domstats centos7.0  Domain: 'centos7.0'   state.state=1   state.reason=1   cpu.time=108764965089   cpu.user=850000000   cpu.system=14010000000   balloon.current=2097152   balloon.maximum=2097152   balloon.swap_in=0   balloon.swap_out=0   balloon.major_fault=187   balloon.minor_fault=174029   balloon.unused=1758704   balloon.available=1883456   balloon.last-update=1597581679   balloon.rss=561212   vcpu.current=2   vcpu.maximum=2   vcpu.0.state=1   vcpu.0.time=39050000000   vcpu.0.wait=0   vcpu.1.state=1   vcpu.1.time=14570000000   vcpu.1.wait=0   net.count=1   net.0.name=vnet1   net.0.rx.bytes=142006   net.0.rx.pkts=2577   net.0.rx.errs=0   net.0.rx.drop=0   net.0.tx.bytes=17972   net.0.tx.pkts=222   net.0.tx.errs=0   net.0.tx.drop=0   block.count=2   block.0.name=vda   block.0.path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/centos7.0.qcow2   block.0.rd.reqs=6517   block.0.rd.bytes=150312448   block.0.rd.times=32776473520   block.0.wr.reqs=647   block.0.wr.bytes=13009920   block.0.wr.times=10069609744   block.0.fl.reqs=238   block.0.fl.times=938612582   block.0.allocation=16855924224   block.0.capacity=21474836480   block.0.physical=21478379520   block.1.name=hda   block.1.rd.reqs=3   block.1.rd.bytes=82   block.1.rd.times=227269   block.1.wr.reqs=0   block.1.wr.bytes=0   block.1.wr.times=0   block.1.fl.reqs=0   block.1.fl.times=0   block.1.allocation=0   block.1.physical=0  [root@node1 ~]# 

  提示:如果想知获取某一对象的的详细信息可以在后面跟对应的选项来做过滤;

[root@node1 ~]# virsh domstats centos7.0 --interface  --balloon Domain: 'centos7.0'   balloon.current=2097152   balloon.maximum=2097152   balloon.swap_in=0   balloon.swap_out=0   balloon.major_fault=187   balloon.minor_fault=174029   balloon.unused=1758704   balloon.available=1883456   balloon.last-update=1597581679   balloon.rss=561468   net.count=1   net.0.name=vnet1   net.0.rx.bytes=148978   net.0.rx.pkts=2710   net.0.rx.errs=0   net.0.rx.drop=0   net.0.tx.bytes=18326   net.0.tx.pkts=227   net.0.tx.errs=0   net.0.tx.drop=0  [root@node1 ~]#  

  提示:如果指定多个选项,他们之间是或关系,就是只显示指定选项的内容;

  virsh domif-getlink:获取指定虚拟机的指定接口状态

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help domif-getlink   NAME     domif-getlink - 获取虚拟接口链接状态    SYNOPSIS     domif-getlink <domain> <interface> [--config]    DESCRIPTION     获取域虚拟接口链接状态    OPTIONS     [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid     [--interface] <string>  接口失败 (MAC 地址)     --config         获取持续接口状态   [root@node1 ~]# virsh domif-getlink c2 vnet1  vnet1 up [root@node1 ~]# 

  virsh domblkinfo:获取指定虚拟机的磁盘大小信息

[root@node1 ~]# virsh domblkinfo centos7.0  错误:command 'domblkinfo' requires <device> option  [root@node1 ~]#  [root@node1 ~]# virsh help domblkinfo         NAME     domblkinfo - 域块设备大小信息    SYNOPSIS     domblkinfo <domain> [--device <string>] [--human] [--all]    DESCRIPTION     获取域块设备大小信息    OPTIONS     [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid     --device <string>  阻止设备     --human          Human readable output     --all            display all block devices info   [root@node1 ~]# virsh domblklist c2 目标     源 ------------------------------------------------ vda        /kvm/images/c2.qcow2 hda        -  [root@node1 ~]# virsh domblkinfo c2 vda 容量:       21474836480 分配:       21478375424 物理:       21478375424  [root@node1 ~]# virsh domblkinfo c2 vda --human  容量:       20.000 GiB 分配:       20.003 GiB 物理:       20.003 GiB  [root@node1 ~]#  

  virsh domblkerror:列出指定虚拟机上的指定磁盘的错误信息

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help domblkerror   NAME     domblkerror - 在块设备中显示错误    SYNOPSIS     domblkerror <domain>    DESCRIPTION     显示块设备错误    OPTIONS     [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid   [root@node1 ~]# virsh  domblkerror c2  未找到错误  [root@node1 ~]# virsh  domblkerror centos7.0  未找到错误  [root@node1 ~]#  

  virsh domcontrol:获取指定虚拟机上的控制接口状态信息

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help domcontrol   NAME     domcontrol - 域控制接口状态    SYNOPSIS     domcontrol <domain>    DESCRIPTION     向域返回控制接口状态    OPTIONS     [--domain] <string>  domain name, id or uuid   [root@node1 ~]# virsh  domcontrol centos7.0  确定  [root@node1 ~]# virsh  domcontrol generic  确定  [root@node1 ~]# 

  提示:我这里显示的是中文,正常情况就是ok状态;

  以上命令主要是用于监控虚拟机上的各种状态相关的命令,我们可以基于上面的命令写成脚本,然后实现批量的获取多个虚拟机的状态信息;

  2、virsh管理网络相关命令

  virsh net-list:列出网络

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help net-list   NAME     net-list - 列出网络    SYNOPSIS     net-list [--inactive] [--all] [--persistent] [--transient] [--autostart] [--no-autostart] [--uuid] [--name] [--table]    DESCRIPTION     返回网络列表    OPTIONS     --inactive       列出不活跃的网络     --all            列出不活跃和活跃的网络     --persistent     列出持久网络     --transient      列出临时网络     --autostart      列出启用 autostart 的网络     --no-autostart   列出禁用 autostart 的网络     --uuid           只列出 uuid     --name           list network names only     --table          列出表格(默认)   [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list   名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  [root@node1 ~]#  

  提示:默认是以表格的形式列出激活的网络,如果要指定列出某种状态的网络,后面可以跟选项;从上面的信息可以看到当前只有一个默认的网络,处于活跃状态并且是自动启动;

  virsh net-dumpxml:显示指定网络的配置文件内容到标准输出;

[root@node1 ~]# virsh  help net-dumpxml   NAME     net-dumpxml - XML 中的网络信息    SYNOPSIS     net-dumpxml <network> [--inactive]    DESCRIPTION     把网络信息作为一个 XML 输出到 stdout。    OPTIONS     [--network] <string>  网络名或 uuid     --inactive       显示不活跃定义的 XML   [root@node1 ~]# virsh   net-dumpxml default <network connections='3'>   <name>default</name>   <uuid>958c004e-7aa9-483e-a79e-c62884e88a08</uuid>   <forward mode='nat'>     <nat>       <port start='1024' end='65535'/>     </nat>   </forward>   <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/>   <mac address='52:54:00:45:06:15'/>   <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>     <dhcp>       <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/>     </dhcp>   </ip> </network>  [root@node1 ~]#  

  提示:通过上述命令我们可以把指定的某个网络导出,然后基于这个网络文件来当做模板文件,此后如果要创建一个网络,我们直接复制这个模板,然后修改私有的信息即可生成一个我们需要创建的网络的配置文件;

  virsh net-define:从指定xml配置文件定义一个网络或者基于指定xml来修改现有网络;类似virsh define命令的用法;

  示例:导出现有配置,修改ip地址,然后基于这个导出的配置来使用virsh net-define创建一个网络

[root@node1 ~]# virsh net-dumpxml default >default.xml  [root@node1 ~]# cp default.xml test.xml [root@node1 ~]# diff default.xml test.xml  2,3c2 <   <name>default</name> <   <uuid>958c004e-7aa9-483e-a79e-c62884e88a08</uuid> --- >   <name>test</name> 9,11c8,10 <   <bridge name='virbr0' stp='on' delay='0'/> <   <mac address='52:54:00:45:06:15'/> <   <ip address='192.168.122.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'> --- >   <bridge name='virbr1' stp='on' delay='0'/> >   <mac address='52:54:00:45:06:16'/> >   <ip address='192.168.12.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'> 13c12 <       <range start='192.168.122.2' end='192.168.122.254'/> --- >       <range start='192.168.12.2' end='192.168.12.254'/> [root@node1 ~]# cat test.xml  <network connections='3'>   <name>test</name>   <forward mode='nat'>     <nat>       <port start='1024' end='65535'/>     </nat>   </forward>   <bridge name='virbr1' stp='on' delay='0'/>   <mac address='52:54:00:45:06:16'/>   <ip address='192.168.12.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>     <dhcp>       <range start='192.168.12.2' end='192.168.12.254'/>     </dhcp>   </ip> </network>  [root@node1 ~]#  

  提示:通常我们需要修改网络的名称,删除uuid,让其创建时自动生成,指定ip地址,修改mac地址以及dhcp地址池,网桥名称以及网络的类型;

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help net-define                     NAME     net-define - define an inactive persistent virtual network or modify an existing persistent one from an XML file    SYNOPSIS     net-define <file>    DESCRIPTION     Define or modify a persistent virtual network.    OPTIONS     [--file] <string>  文件包括一个 XML网络描述   [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-define test.xml                        从 test定义网络test.xml  [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list   名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list --all  名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  test                 不活跃  否           是  [root@node1 ~]# 

  提示:默认情况用define定义一个网络它并不会激活;

  virsh net-start:激活指定网络

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help net-start   NAME     net-start - 开始一个(以前定义的)不活跃的网络    SYNOPSIS     net-start <network>    DESCRIPTION     开始一个网络.    OPTIONS     [--network] <string>  网络名或 uuid   [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-start test  网络 test 已开始  [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list  名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  test                 活动     否           是  [root@node1 ~]# ip a 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1000     link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00     inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 ::1/128 scope host         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000     link/ether 00:0c:29:9a:db:d6 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.0.41/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever     inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe9a:dbd6/64 scope link         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 3: virbr0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP qlen 1000     link/ether 52:54:00:45:06:15 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.122.1/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global virbr0        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 4: virbr0-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state DOWN qlen 1000     link/ether 52:54:00:45:06:15 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff 5: vnet0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state UNKNOWN qlen 1000     link/ether fe:54:00:3e:3f:71 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fe3e:3f71/64 scope link         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 6: vnet1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state UNKNOWN qlen 1000     link/ether fe:54:00:e3:8d:11 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fee3:8d11/64 scope link         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 7: vnet2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr0 state UNKNOWN qlen 1000     link/ether fe:54:00:e3:85:21 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fee3:8521/64 scope link         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 8: virbr1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000     link/ether 52:54:00:45:06:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.12.1/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global virbr1        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 9: virbr1-nic: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr1 state DOWN qlen 1000     link/ether 52:54:00:45:06:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff [root@node1 ~]#  

  提示:可以看到指定test网络已经激活并且在宿主机上创建了一个virbr1的网桥和virbr1-nic的网卡,其实virbr1就是我们在配置文件中指定的网桥,在配置文件中指定的网桥必须未使用,如果指定网桥不存在则创建,而virbr1-nic这张网卡就是直接桥接到virbr1上;

  测试:创建一个基于test网络的虚拟机,名为c3

[root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/libvirt/qemu/ [root@node1 ~]# ls autostart  c2.xml  centos7.0.xml  generic.xml  networks [root@node1 qemu]# cp c2.xml c3.xml [root@node1 qemu]# cd /kvm/images/ [root@node1 images]# ls c1.qcow2  c2.qcow2  cirros-0.5.0-x86_64-disk.img [root@node1 images]# cp c2.qcow2 c3.qcow2 [root@node1 images]# diff /etc/libvirt/qemu/c2.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/c3.xml  9c9 <   <name>c2</name> --- >   <name>c3</name> 40c40 <       <source file='/kvm/images/c2.qcow2'/> --- >       <source file='/kvm/images/c3.qcow2'/> 73,74c73,74 <       <mac address='52:54:00:e3:85:21'/> <       <source network='default'/> --- >       <mac address='52:54:00:e3:86:e1'/> >       <source network='test'/> [root@node1 images]# virsh define /etc/libvirt/qemu/c3.xml 定义域 c3(从 /etc/libvirt/qemu/c3.xml)  [root@node1 images]# virsh list --all  Id    名称                         状态 ----------------------------------------------------  1     generic                        running  2     centos7.0                      running  3     c2                             running  -     c3                             关闭  [root@node1 images]# virsh start c3 域 c3 已开始  [root@node1 images]#  

  验证:连接至c3控制台,查看其ip地址是否是test网络?是否能够ping通virbr1?网关是否是virbr1?

[root@node1 images]# virsh domifaddr c3  名称     MAC 地址           Protocol     Address -------------------------------------------------------------------------------  vnet3      52:54:00:e3:86:e1    ipv4         192.168.12.179/24  [root@node1 images]# ssh 192.168.12.179 The authenticity of host '192.168.12.179 (192.168.12.179)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:heUVB8InZ+56B+vMgUz+B7Uus4EgklEU9DVeywf1Z7s. ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:0b:b1:75:a4:2b:ba:cf:f1:ac:51:cb:76:2a:74:89:42. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes Warning: Permanently added '192.168.12.179' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. root@192.168.12.179's password:  Last login: Sun Aug 16 09:46:30 2020 [root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.12.1 PING 192.168.12.1 (192.168.12.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.12.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.514 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.12.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.585 ms ^C --- 192.168.12.1 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1002ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.514/0.549/0.585/0.042 ms [root@localhost ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface 0.0.0.0         192.168.12.1    0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0 192.168.12.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 eth0 [root@localhost ~]# exit 登出 Connection to 192.168.12.179 closed. [root@node1 images]#  

  提示:从上面的信息可以看到基于test网络创建的虚拟机,其内部获取的地址是我们在test网络配置文件中指定的dhcp地址池,网关地址是virbr1的地址;

[root@node1 ~]# brctl show bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces virbr0          8000.525400450615       yes             virbr0-nic                                                         vnet0                                                         vnet1                                                         vnet2 virbr1          8000.525400450616       yes             virbr1-nic                                                         vnet3 [root@node1 ~]# iptables -t nat -nvL Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT 239 packets, 21179 bytes)  pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination           Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 68 packets, 8639 bytes)  pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination           Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 86 packets, 6827 bytes)  pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination           Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 86 packets, 6827 bytes)  pkts bytes target     prot opt in     out     source               destination              2   180 RETURN     all  --  *      *       192.168.12.0/24      224.0.0.0/24             1   328 RETURN     all  --  *      *       192.168.12.0/24      255.255.255.255         29  1740 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       192.168.12.0/24     !192.168.12.0/24      masq ports: 1024-65535    94  7144 MASQUERADE  udp  --  *      *       192.168.12.0/24     !192.168.12.0/24      masq ports: 1024-65535     1    84 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      *       192.168.12.0/24     !192.168.12.0/24          2   267 RETURN     all  --  *      *       192.168.122.0/24     224.0.0.0/24             0     0 RETURN     all  --  *      *       192.168.122.0/24     255.255.255.255         80  4800 MASQUERADE  tcp  --  *      *       192.168.122.0/24    !192.168.122.0/24     masq ports: 1024-65535   269 20444 MASQUERADE  udp  --  *      *       192.168.122.0/24    !192.168.122.0/24     masq ports: 1024-65535     0     0 MASQUERADE  all  --  *      *       192.168.122.0/24    !192.168.122.0/24     [root@node1 ~]# route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface 0.0.0.0         192.168.0.1     0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 ens33 192.168.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     100    0        0 ens33 192.168.12.0    0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr1 192.168.122.0   0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 virbr0 [root@node1 ~]# ip a l vnet3 10: vnet3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master virbr1 state UNKNOWN qlen 1000     link/ether fe:54:00:e3:86:e1 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fee3:86e1/64 scope link         valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@node1 ~]#  

  提示:如果我们在基于test网络创建虚拟机,它也会把虚拟机的虚拟网卡桥接到virbr1上,如果我们指定的网络类型是nat类型并开启了dhcp,它默认会把虚拟机的网关指向virbr1;并且在宿主机上的iptables的nat表中会添加SNAT规则,正因为这些iptables规则才使得虚拟机可以上外网;

  virsh net-info:查看指定网络的简要信息

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help net-info   NAME     net-info - 网络信息    SYNOPSIS     net-info <network>    DESCRIPTION     返回关于这个网络的基本信息。    OPTIONS     [--network] <string>  网络名或 uuid   [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-info test 名称:       test UUID:           be2af58a-c8cd-4b73-8ee3-36cb3fe9566b 活跃:       是 持久:       是 自动启动: 否 桥接:       virbr1  [root@node1 ~]#  

  virsh net-autostart:标记指定网络为自动启动

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help net-autostart   NAME     net-autostart - 自动开始网络    SYNOPSIS     net-autostart <network> [--disable]    DESCRIPTION     设置一个网络在启动时自动开始.    OPTIONS     [--network] <string>  网络名或 uuid     --disable        禁止自动启动   [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-autostart test  网络test标记为自动启动  [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-info test       名称:       test UUID:           be2af58a-c8cd-4b73-8ee3-36cb3fe9566b 活跃:       是 持久:       是 自动启动: 是 桥接:       virbr1  [root@node1 ~]#  

  virsh net-name:把指定uuid解析成名称

[root@node1 ~]# virsh net-info test     名称:       test UUID:           be2af58a-c8cd-4b73-8ee3-36cb3fe9566b 活跃:       是 持久:       是 自动启动: 是 桥接:       virbr1  [root@node1 ~]# virsh help net-name       NAME     net-name - 把一个网络UUID 转换为网络名    SYNOPSIS     net-name <network>    OPTIONS     [--network] <string>  网络uuid   [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-name be2af58a-c8cd-4b73-8ee3-36cb3fe9566b test  [root@node1 ~]#  

  virsh net-uuid:把指定网络名称解析成uuid

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help net-uuid   NAME     net-uuid - 把一个网络名转换为网络UUID    SYNOPSIS     net-uuid <network>    OPTIONS     [--network] <string>  网络名   [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-uuid test  be2af58a-c8cd-4b73-8ee3-36cb3fe9566b  [root@node1 ~]#

  virsh net-dhcp-leases:将指定网络的dhcp的租赁信息;

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help net-dhcp-leases   NAME     net-dhcp-leases - print lease info for a given network    SYNOPSIS     net-dhcp-leases <network> [--mac <string>]    DESCRIPTION     Print lease info for a given network    OPTIONS     [--network] <string>  网络名或 uuid     --mac <string>   MAC 地址   [root@node1 ~]# virsh  net-dhcp-leases test   Expiry Time          MAC 地址         Protocol  IP address                Hostname        Client ID or DUID -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  2020-08-16 23:27:20  52:54:00:e3:86:e1  ipv4      192.168.12.179/24         -               -  [root@node1 ~]# virsh  net-dhcp-leases default   Expiry Time          MAC 地址         Protocol  IP address                Hostname        Client ID or DUID -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------  2020-08-16 23:32:45  52:54:00:3e:3f:71  ipv4      192.168.122.4/24          cirros          01:52:54:00:3e:3f:71  2020-08-16 23:11:38  52:54:00:e3:85:21  ipv4      192.168.122.168/24        -               -  2020-08-16 23:14:35  52:54:00:e3:8d:11  ipv4      192.168.122.222/24        -               -  [root@node1 ~]#  

  virsh net-edit:编辑指定虚拟机的配置文件;

虚拟化技术之kvm管理工具virsh常用基础命令(二)

  提示:使用virsh net-edit,它默认就会去打开指定网络的配置文件,我们可以编辑这个配置文件来创建一个网络,也可以更改对应网络的配置,然后重读配置文件使对应配置生效;

  编辑test网络配置文件的dhcp地址池地址和virbr1的地址;

[root@node1 ~]# virsh net-edit test <network>   <name>test</name>   <uuid>f9452d96-55fa-4dbf-ad9c-b1ba99b7f2ad</uuid>   <forward mode='nat'>     <nat>       <port start='1024' end='65535'/>     </nat>   </forward>   <bridge name='virbr1' stp='on' delay='0'/>   <mac address='52:54:00:45:06:16'/>   <ip address='192.168.11.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>     <dhcp>       <range start='192.168.11.2' end='192.168.11.254'/>     </dhcp>   </ip> </network> ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 "/tmp/virshJaE8MT.xml" 16L, 413C written 已编辑网络 test XML 配置  [root@node1 ~]# cat /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/test.xml  <!-- WARNING: THIS IS AN AUTO-GENERATED FILE. CHANGES TO IT ARE LIKELY TO BE OVERWRITTEN AND LOST. Changes to this xml configuration should be made using:   virsh net-edit test or other application using the libvirt API. -->  <network>   <name>test</name>   <uuid>f9452d96-55fa-4dbf-ad9c-b1ba99b7f2ad</uuid>   <forward mode='nat'>     <nat>       <port start='1024' end='65535'/>     </nat>   </forward>   <bridge name='virbr1' stp='on' delay='0'/>   <mac address='52:54:00:45:06:16'/>   <ip address='192.168.11.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>     <dhcp>       <range start='192.168.11.2' end='192.168.11.254'/>     </dhcp>   </ip> </network> [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-info test 名称:       test UUID:           f9452d96-55fa-4dbf-ad9c-b1ba99b7f2ad 活跃:       是 持久:       是 自动启动: 否 桥接:       virbr1  [root@node1 ~]# ip a l virbr1 13: virbr1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000     link/ether 52:54:00:45:06:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.12.1/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global virbr1        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@node1 ~]# 

  提示:默认修改了指定活跃网络的配置文件后是不会马上生效的;创建持久网络后,默认配置文件存放在/etc/libvirt/qemu/network/目录下和对应网络名称同名的xml格式文件;

  让指定网络重读配置文件生效

[root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list   名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  test                 活动     否           是  [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-destroy test  网络 test 被删除  [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list           名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list --all  名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  test                 不活跃  否           是  [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-start test  网络 test 已开始  [root@node1 ~]# ip a l virbr1 15: virbr1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN qlen 1000     link/ether 52:54:00:45:06:16 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff     inet 192.168.11.1/24 brd 192.168.11.255 scope global virbr1        valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever [root@node1 ~]#  

  提示:让其重读配置文件的方式我们只有重启网络,所以上面的操作上先停止对应网络,然后在启动对应网络;virsh net-destory命令是删除指定活跃状态的网络,就相当于停止操作;

  验证:对应网络上的虚拟机地址会发生更新吗?

[root@node1 ~]# virsh domifaddr c3  名称     MAC 地址           Protocol     Address -------------------------------------------------------------------------------  [root@node1 ~]# virsh list --all  Id    名称                         状态 ----------------------------------------------------  1     generic                        running  2     centos7.0                      running  3     c2                             running  4     c3                             running  [root@node1 ~]# virsh destroy c3 域 c3 被删除  [root@node1 ~]# virsh list --all  Id    名称                         状态 ----------------------------------------------------  1     generic                        running  2     centos7.0                      running  3     c2                             running  -     c3                             关闭  [root@node1 ~]# virsh start c3   域 c3 已开始  [root@node1 ~]# virsh domifaddr c3  名称     MAC 地址           Protocol     Address -------------------------------------------------------------------------------  vnet3      52:54:00:e3:86:e1    ipv4         192.168.11.179/24  [root@node1 ~]#  

  提示:对应网络上的虚拟机如果不重启,它默认会获取不到地址;其实上述重启可以使用virsh reboot命令;

  利用virsh edit来生成一个网络

[root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list --all  名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  test                 活动     否           是  [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-edit test    <uuid>f9452d96-55fa-4dbf-ad9c-b1ba99b7f2ad</uuid> <network>   <name>test1</name>   <forward mode='nat'>     <nat>       <port start='1024' end='65535'/>     </nat>   </forward>   <bridge name='virbr2' stp='on' delay='0'/>   <mac address='52:54:10:45:06:16'/>   <ip address='192.168.10.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>     <dhcp>       <range start='192.168.10.2' end='192.168.10.254'/>     </dhcp>   </ip> </network> ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 ~                                                                                                                                 "/tmp/virshWqhNS8.xml" 15L, 362C written 已编辑网络 test1 XML 配置  [root@node1 ~]# ll /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/ 总用量 12 drwx------ 2 root root  25 8月  16 22:59 autostart -rw------- 1 root root 576 8月  13 23:31 default.xml -rw------- 1 root root 641 8月  16 23:23 test1.xml -rw------- 1 root root 639 8月  16 23:09 test.xml [root@node1 ~]# diff /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/test.xml /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/test1.xml  4c4 <   virsh net-edit test --- >   virsh net-edit test1 9,10c9,10 <   <name>test</name> <   <uuid>f9452d96-55fa-4dbf-ad9c-b1ba99b7f2ad</uuid> --- >   <name>test1</name> >   <uuid>8dbdad99-91c5-435b-95b7-02179597f39e</uuid> 16,18c16,18 <   <bridge name='virbr1' stp='on' delay='0'/> <   <mac address='52:54:00:45:06:16'/> <   <ip address='192.168.11.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'> --- >   <bridge name='virbr2' stp='on' delay='0'/> >   <mac address='52:54:10:45:06:16'/> >   <ip address='192.168.10.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'> 20c20 <       <range start='192.168.11.2' end='192.168.11.254'/> --- >       <range start='192.168.10.2' end='192.168.10.254'/> [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list --all  名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  test                 活动     否           是  test1                不活跃  否           是  [root@node1 ~]# 

  提示:从上面的演示我们可以看到,当我们修改了网络配置文件中的网络名称,ip地址,网桥名称,mac,dhcp地址池然后保存,它就会在对应目录下生成一个我们之前修改后的网络配置文件,并把我们的配置立刻应用到系统(define操作,不需要我们手动去define,它自动会define);

  virsh net-create:从指定xml文件创建一个非持久的临时网络,并激活;

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help net-create   NAME     net-create - 从一个 XML 文件创建一个网络    SYNOPSIS     net-create <file>    DESCRIPTION     创建一个网络    OPTIONS     [--file] <string>  文件包括一个 XML网络描述   [root@node1 ~]# cat test.xml  <network connections='3'>   <name>test2</name>   <forward mode='nat'>     <nat>       <port start='1024' end='65535'/>     </nat>   </forward>   <bridge name='virbr3' stp='on' delay='0'/>   <mac address='52:54:00:45:06:17'/>   <ip address='192.168.17.1' netmask='255.255.255.0'>     <dhcp>       <range start='192.168.17.2' end='192.168.17.254'/>     </dhcp>   </ip> </network>  [root@node1 ~]# ll /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/ 总用量 12 drwx------ 2 root root  25 8月  16 22:59 autostart -rw------- 1 root root 576 8月  13 23:31 default.xml -rw------- 1 root root 641 8月  16 23:23 test1.xml -rw------- 1 root root 639 8月  16 23:09 test.xml [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-create test.xml  从test2创建网络test.xml   [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list --all  名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  test                 活动     否           是  test1                不活跃  否           是  test2                活动     否           否  [root@node1 ~]# ll /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/ 总用量 12 drwx------ 2 root root  25 8月  16 22:59 autostart -rw------- 1 root root 576 8月  13 23:31 default.xml -rw------- 1 root root 641 8月  16 23:23 test1.xml -rw------- 1 root root 639 8月  16 23:09 test.xml [root@node1 ~]#  

  提示:这里提示下define出来的网络默认是持久的,create出来的网络不是持久的,所谓持久就是是否在/etc/libvirt/qemu/network/目录下生成配置文件,有配置文件的网络我们称它为持久网络,没有配置文件的网络我们称它为临时网络;

  virsh net-undefine:将指定持久网络取消定义,所谓取消定义就是转为非持久网络;

[root@node1 ~]# virsh help net-undefine   NAME     net-undefine - undefine a persistent network    SYNOPSIS     net-undefine <network>    DESCRIPTION     Undefine the configuration for a persistent network.    OPTIONS     [--network] <string>  网络名或 uuid   [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list --all  名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  test                 活动     否           是  test1                不活跃  否           是  test2                活动     否           否  [root@node1 ~]# ll /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/ 总用量 12 drwx------ 2 root root  25 8月  16 22:59 autostart -rw------- 1 root root 576 8月  13 23:31 default.xml -rw------- 1 root root 641 8月  16 23:23 test1.xml -rw------- 1 root root 639 8月  16 23:09 test.xml [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-undefine test1 网络 test1 已经被取消定义  [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list --all            名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  test                 活动     否           是  test2                活动     否           否  [root@node1 ~]# ll /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/ 总用量 8 drwx------ 2 root root  25 8月  16 22:59 autostart -rw------- 1 root root 576 8月  13 23:31 default.xml -rw------- 1 root root 639 8月  16 23:09 test.xml [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-undefine test 网络 test 已经被取消定义  [root@node1 ~]# virsh net-list --all            名称               状态     自动开始  持久 ----------------------------------------------------------  default              活动     是           是  test                 活动     否           否  test2                活动     否           否  [root@node1 ~]# ll /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/ 总用量 4 drwx------ 2 root root  25 8月  16 22:59 autostart -rw------- 1 root root 576 8月  13 23:31 default.xml [root@node1 ~]# 

  提示:net-undefine会把活跃状态的持久网络修改成非持久,它的操作就是把对应配置文件删除,将非活跃的持久化网络,它会删除其配置文件和网络实例;